How to keep fresh Lentinus edodes for export

Fresh Lentinus edodes is not only very popular in the international market, but also the price has been seen-- 28 yuan, foreign CIF price of US $5 per kilogram. Therefore, the fresh-keeping export of Lentinus edodes has become another new project to earn foreign exchange efficiently, but the export of fresh Lentinus edodes must maximize the natural color, shape and good taste of slippery cover and crisp handle. Therefore, the export of fresh Lentinus edodes must do the following in accordance with the requirements of the international market:

First, harvest fresh mushrooms in order to avoid the blackening of mushroom noodles and the decline of quality caused by the heavy water content of fresh mushrooms. The day before harvest, do not spray water on simple sticks and avoid harvesting on rainy days. The appropriate time for picking mushrooms: summer mushrooms should be harvested once in the morning and evening, and winter mushrooms should be harvested in the morning. This is because, at this time, the temperature is low, the metabolic activity of the mushroom body is slow, and the fresh mushroom is not easy to open the film, which can ensure the quality. At the same time, attention should be paid to the harvest according to the export standards of fresh mushrooms, that is, the flower shape is complete, the mushroom meat is thick, the fungus curtain is white unbroken (medium well) or slightly opened (medium well) or large crimping (well-done), no clay, no damage, no deformities, no diseases and insect pests, maintain the graceful posture of natural growth. The fresh mushrooms should be placed in a plastic basket covered with large square gauze, and after the mushrooms are picked, the gauze will be knotted diagonally and wait for treatment.

Second, fresh mushroom dehydration (dehumidification) generally the water content of fresh mushroom exceeds the standard and does not meet the export standard. If the water content is too high, it will heat up due to the physiological and metabolic activities of the mushroom body and reduce the commodity value in the process of stacking, storage and transportation. Lentinus edodes are generally exported in large and small packages. The water content of large packaging should be 70%, 80%, and that of small packaging should be 80%. The ways of dehydration (dehumidification) of fresh mushrooms are as follows:

(1) Natural sun to reduce dampness. Place the fresh mushrooms on the sun curtain with the mushroom cover tilted upward and evenly arranged and ventilated in the sun. In autumn and winter, girls, spring mushrooms, summer mushrooms, spring mushrooms and summer mushrooms.

(2) rotating hot air to drain moisture. Spread the mushroom cover down evenly on the sun curtain and place it in a self-made hot air (40 ℃) rotary cellar to drain moisture.

(3) use the dehumidifier to remove moisture. The fresh mushroom dehumidified by this method has good color and high quality, but the investment is large. However, no matter which dehumidification method is used, the dehydrated fresh mushrooms must be packed in a human plastic frame and pre-cooled in a cold storage of 4 ℃, continue to cool and dehumidify, store and wait for packaging.

Third, packaging requirements according to customer requirements, first the dehydrated mushrooms in the cold storage are graded according to size, cut the handle, weigh them, pack them in plastic baskets, put them back in the freezer for two hours and then pack them. Packaging is divided into two sizes, large packaging according to the diameter of mushroom cover is divided into L (diameter more than 6 cm), M (diameter more than 5 cm) and S (diameter more than 4 cm). When packing, it is packed in transparent and non-toxic film bags according to the level, and then packed in insulated plastic foam boxes after suction and sealing, and wrapped in corrugated cartons. The net weight of each carton is 5kg or 10kg. Finally, the mouth of the case is sealed with adhesive tape, indicating the grade, weight and delivery date. Small packaging is to put fresh mushrooms on a tray in a plastic box with a net weight of 100 grams and can hold 4, 5, 6 and 8 flowers. The bacterial folds should be upward, neatly arranged, encapsulated with special plastic plastic film, then packed in cartons according to size, sealed with adhesive tape, marked with grade, weight and delivery date, stored in cold storage for shipment.

Fourth, the products should be shipped to the port (airport and seaport) in time after fresh mushroom packaging. When the temperature is below 15 ℃, it can be transported by ordinary car, otherwise it must be transported by refrigerating vehicle (1 ℃ 3 min). As fresh mushrooms are mainly sold to Japan and Singapore, suppliers must consider including domestic and foreign transportation time and merchant time in the fresh-keeping period of fresh mushrooms, so as to prevent the quality of mushrooms from deteriorating due to film opening. The fresh-keeping period of Lentinus edodes varies under different temperature conditions: 18 days at 10 ℃, 14 days at 6 ℃, 7 days at 15 ℃, and 4 days at 20 ℃. In short, the higher the temperature, the shorter the fresh-keeping time, on the contrary, the longer the fresh-keeping time.