Pollution-free cultivation techniques of Pleurotus ostreatus in summer at high altitude

Pleurotus ostreatus, also known as Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus ostreatus. Xiuzhen mushroom is rich in protein, sugar, vitamins, iron, calcium and other trace elements, especially the protein content is higher than mushroom, Lentinus edodes, straw mushroom and other edible fungi, so it is also known as "the best mushroom". Xiuzhen mushroom can not only be used for cooking soup, but also can be used for hot pot, favored by the majority of consumers, market sales and cultivation volume is increasing year by year, is a very promising edible fungus. In order to make full use of the unique climatic conditions and ecological resources of the alpine platform in the east of Qingyuan County, Zhejiang Province, we carried out pollution-free cultivation of Xiuzhen mushroom in summer in Hedi Town, Qingyuan County. Through introduction and expansion for three consecutive years, the production scale of 200000 bags has been formed, the survival rate of bacterial bag is more than 90%, the per unit yield can reach more than 0.25kg, and some agricultural products have achieved certain economic benefits. Now this technology is summarized as follows, only for the reference of the majority of colleagues.

1 excellent summer climate resources in Hedi Town, Qingyuan County

Hedi Town is high in the middle and low in the north and south, with an average elevation of about 1000m. It is the Zhongshan platform with the highest elevation and the largest area in East China. The climate in the territory belongs to the subtropical monsoon type, warm and humid, with an annual average temperature of 13.6 ℃ and an average relative humidity of 84%, especially in summer (June to September) when the average temperature is below 25 ℃. The advantage of off-season cultivation of Xiuzhen mushroom is more obvious. The hills in Hedi town are stacked with barriers, the forest coverage rate is as high as 72.6%, the air quality is good, the water source is clean, and there is no industrial pollution or other pollution, which provides excellent ecological environment conditions for pollution-free cultivation of Xiuzhen mushroom.

Biological characteristics of Pleurotus ostreatus

2.1 Nutrition

Pleurotus ostreatus is a wood-rot fungus, which has strong decomposition ability to lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose. The main raw materials commonly used in production are cottonseed hull, broad-leaved tree sawdust, corncob, bagasse and other crop straw. The main excipients are wheat bran, rice bran, gypsum, lime and so on. In order to create good nutritional conditions for improving the quality of mushroom products, it is necessary to control the C _ hand N of the culture material when blending.

2.2 temperature

Xiuzhen Pleurotus ostreatus belongs to medium temperature type, the mycelium growth temperature is 3: 28 ℃, the optimum temperature is 25 ℃, the fruiting body growth temperature is 5: 27 ℃, the optimum temperature is 15: 20 ℃, the optimum temperature is 15: 25 ℃, the optimum temperature is 18: 22 ℃, and the temperature difference stimulation is 8: 10 ℃.

2.3 humidity

The water content of the culture material depends on the specific raw material. The mixture of cottonseed hull and sawdust commonly used in production should be controlled at 60%-65%. The relative humidity of the air is not too high in the germ stage; the air relative temperature in the mushroom stage should be increased to 90%-95%; the air relative humidity in the fruiting body growth stage is about 90%; too high air relative humidity will affect the normal differentiation of the cap and stalk.

2.4 oxygen

Xiuzhen mushroom belongs to aerobic fungi. Sufficient oxygen is required in the stages of mycelial growth and fruiting body growth. Insufficient oxygen supply will lead to bad bacteria and deformed mushrooms. However, no matter in which growth stage, Xiuzhen mushroom has a certain ability to tolerate carbon dioxide, and the quality of mushroom can be improved by controlling the concentration of carbon dioxide.

2.5pH value

The most suitable pH value of Pleurotus ostreatus is 7.2-7.5. 2% to 3% quicklime is commonly used in production to adjust the pH value of the culture material, which can not only promote mycelium growth, but also inhibit mold infection during high temperatures in summer.

2.6 Lighting

The mycelium of Pleurotus ostreatus can grow normally under the condition of complete darkness without light. However, moderate light stimulation must be given during mushroom emergence in order to differentiate and form mushroom buds normally. Light can also affect the quality of mushrooms, the higher the illuminance, the darker the color of mushrooms; the lower the illuminance, the lighter the color of mushrooms; at the same time, the lower the illuminance, the higher the air humidity, the longer the feet of mushrooms.

(3) pollution-free cultivation techniques in summer at high altitude.

3.1 selection of cultivation season at high altitude

The selection of summer cultivation season of Xiuzhen mushroom in Hedi Town, Qingyuan County, Zhejiang Province needs to be considered according to the climatic conditions of Hedi Town and the requirements that can make up the gap in the market. Combined with the climatic characteristics of Hedi town and the requirements of pollution-free cultivation, the seasonal arrangement should be "early rather than late". Large-scale planting can be arranged to start making bacterial bags at the beginning of April, bacteria will end at the end of May, and mushrooms can begin at the beginning of June. This can not only ensure the survival rate of bacterial bag, improve the ability of mycelium to resist diseases and insect pests, but also make the first tide mushroom concentrate in a more suitable temperature period, and improve the yield and quality. The price of Xiuzhen mushroom listed in this period is high, which greatly improves the economic benefit of Xiuzhen mushroom production.

3.2 site selection

The selection of cultivation site is the prerequisite for pollution-free production of Xiuzhen mushroom. Cultivation sites should be selected in villages with convenient transportation, adequate water sources, good water quality, timely fuel supply and guaranteed electricity. The surroundings of the cultivation site require good ventilation and good environmental quality (including air quality and water quality, etc.). Should not be built near breweries, butchers, hospitals and garbage dumps to reduce the impact of pollution sources. According to the on-the-spot investigation, most parts of Holland Town can meet the above requirements.

3.3 Construction of mushroom shed

Previous page [1] [2] next page