Production of kumquat bonsai

Kumquat can be propagated by cutting and grafting. Citron or citrus is chosen as rootstock for grafting propagation, and kumquat branches with strong growth are selected as scions. Cutting propagation can be carried out from April to June, and the cutting temperature should be above 20%. Cut the cuttings to 7cm in length, keep 1 / 2 petioles and leave more than half of the leaves on the stalks. The upper end of the cuttings must be sealed with wax and cut while cutting. Pot insertion soil is suitable for boiled and sterilized sandy loam. If the cuttings are cut from April to May, the cuttings should be inserted into the soil for 3x5, semi-shading, and for cuttings in June, the cuttings should be inserted into the soil for full shading. Pour water once after insertion and cover the basin mouth with plastic film to prevent Rain Water and miscellaneous bacteria from entering and keep the cuttings moist. Uncover the film and ventilate once every half a month to check the dry and wet degree of the basin soil and replenish water as appropriate. It takes about 60 days to take root and germinate after insertion. After the cuttings are put into leaves, the film is removed, and the new branches and leaves are removed and planted in the basin. The survival rate of cutting can reach more than 80%.

The cuttings or grafted seedlings cultivated for 3-5 years can be cultivated in pot after Qingming Festival. The basin should choose a slightly larger earthen basin or pottery basin. The basin soil is required to be loose, breathable, fertile and water-conserving, and humus soil is the best. When putting on the basin, apply enough rotten cake fertilizer or human feces and urine in the basin soil. Artificial culture soil can also be used, that is, 4 parts of vegetable garden soil, 2 parts of rotten leaf soil, 1 part of raw soil, 1 part of fine sand, 1 part of cinder, 1 part of rotten cake fertilizer, pour water once after planting, cut short branch tips, remove weak and remain strong, promote the growth of robust new shoots in the future, control the shape of trees, and maintain the graceful posture of trees. The above measures can promote the fruit setting after flowering and prolong the fruit hanging time.

The contents of maintenance and management are as follows.

1. Water it. When kumquat is watered, it should be dry and wet. When the soil expresses its love and hardens, and the wet soil is only seen at a depth of 1 cm to 2 cm, it can be watered thoroughly at one time. Do not pour water every day, if the formation of stagnant water will rot the root. In the dry season of summer and autumn, it should be watered once a day, foliar spray and surface water can also be used. After winter, the water should be controlled to make the basin soil dry. When flower buds begin to appear, reduce watering; when flower buds change from green to white, return to normal watering to protect flowers and fruits. Kumquat likes acid soil and watering acid water, and the effect of watering with fermented Amoy rice water is good. If yellow leaves appear, the leaves can be irrigated or sprayed with chlorophyllin or ferrous sulfate solution.

two。 Fertilize. Kumquat likes fertilizer, and the potted soil should apply sufficient base fertilizer to make the new shoots more pregnant and new buds. Organic liquid fertilizer is applied once a week at the flower bud stage. After falling flowers, apply liquid phosphorus and potassium fertilizer again to promote large and symmetrical fruit. Kumquat fruits mostly wither and fall in early winter. In order to prolong the time of hanging fruit, all the blooming flowers can be removed, and the potted soil can be slightly dry. When the leaves are slightly wilting, sufficient water and fertilizer can be poured. In the early June of the lunar calendar, the flower buds can be reproduced. After the fruit, until the Spring Festival, kumquat is still covered with branches. Kumquat consumes a lot of nutrients from flowering to fruit ripening. In order to ensure normal flowering and fruiting in the coming year, the Spring Equinox should apply base fertilizer twice in the whole winter. After entering Lesser Snow, you should apply sufficient fruit protection fertilizer, dig a ring ditch 3 to 5 centimeters deep around the basin soil, and bury the fermented cake fertilizer in the ring trench, 150 grams per pot for large plants and 100 grams for small plants. The following year, before the arrival of the Spring Equinox, we should re-apply solid sprouting fertilizer, the method is the same as above, watering after application.

3. Place the place. Kumquat growth has a special orientation and stability, so do not change the direction of bonsai placement at will. When kumquat is sitting fruit, when it is windy, it should be moved to the root of the shelter wall, or set up a wind barrier for the flowerpot. Kumquat should be shaded in the hot summer season. You can spend the winter outdoors in the south of the Yangtze River in winter, but measures should be taken to resist cold and frost, such as: put it on the south balcony; do not apply nitrogen fertilizer after October; keep out the wind when blowing dry cold wind; when there is continuous sunny and frosty weather in winter and early spring, wrap the orange basin with a newspaper or woven bag from night to early morning. In individual years, when there is continuous strong freezing weather or in the northern region, kumquat is changed to overwintering indoors. After the middle of October, it should be placed in 10 ℃ indoor maintenance, and can not be out of the room until the middle of May of the following year.

4. Pest control. The main diseases and insect pests of kumquat are shell insects, red spiders, aphids, prickly ash butterfly larvae, as well as powdery mildew, coal fouling and canker. Shell worms can be brushed with a small brush, caught with paper and burned. Aphids, red spiders, can be sprayed with 100 to 400 times the oil emulsion or garlic, onion boil liquid, can also be sprayed with dimethoate solution. From May to October, Chinese prickly ash butterfly larvae are often harmful to kumquat leaves, which can be poisoned by 1200 times 80% dichlorvos EC, and can also catch pupae and kill larvae. Powdery mildew, coal fouling and canker can be sprayed with carbendazim, and the control effect is good.