Diagnosis and treatment of Fox Eperythrozoonosis

Fox eperythrozoonosis is an infectious disease caused by eperythrozoon attached to the surface of fox red blood cells and dissociated in plasma. In July 2003, a fox with elevated body temperature, dyspnea and nosebleed was found in a breeding park in a certain city. The disease was diagnosed as fox eperythrozoonosis by on-site clinical symptom observation, pathological examination and laboratory diagnosis. The diagnosis and treatment are introduced as follows.

1 morbidity

There were 2 specialized fox breeding households in a city breeding park. 8 foxes got sick on July 2, 2003, and 5 foxes in another household on July 9. On July 15, there were 21 foxes in 2 households, of which 17 were young foxes. Eight died during the onset period, of which 7 young foxes died, with a mortality rate of 41.2% and an adult mortality rate of 25%.

2 clinical symptoms

2.1 Acute type

The appetite, drinking water and activities were normal the night before the attack, and died in the cage the next morning. Some foxes suddenly fell to the ground and convulsed, foamed at the mouth and died quickly after eating.

2.2 subacute type

Body temperature rose to 41-42 ℃, dyspnea, foamy blood from nose, intermittent convulsions all over the body, and then died. The course of disease was 1-2 days.

2.3 chronic type

Most of them were in the later stage of the disease, with intermittent convulsions and died after 5-8 days.

3 pathological changes were examined by autopsy.

Cerebral vascular hemorrhage, blood stasis, the brain parenchyma has a needle-sized bleeding point. A large area of blood stasis, bleeding, purple-black in the lungs. There is a yellowish or reddish fluid in the pericardium, the color becomes lighter, and there are strips of bleeding in the endocardium. The liver is enlarged and yellowish, the section is blurred and the gallbladder is full. The stomach is pale with filamentous bleeding on the surface. Bleeding of bladder intima, septum and peritoneum.

4 laboratory diagnosis

4.1 Blood pressing tablets

The venous blood of the forearm of the diseased fox was dripped on the carrier, mixed with the same amount of normal saline, and covered with a glass slide. under the microscope, it was found that there were spherical, oval, bean dot and granular worms (eperythrozoon) attached to the surface of red blood cells. and keep moving, twisting and turning. With the activity of eperythrozoon, the shape of red blood cells is also deformed, trembling up and down or swinging left and right, so that red blood cells are in different shapes, such as gear, cone, triangle, quadrilateral, oval and so on.

4.2 Blood smear

Venous blood smears were taken and microscopic examination by Wright staining showed that there were many kinds of purple-blue and highly refractive eperythrozoon on the surface or edge of red blood cells, such as round, oval, short rod and so on.

According to the clinical symptoms, pathological changes and laboratory diagnosis, it was diagnosed as fox eperythrozoonosis.

5 Prevention and treatment

① intramuscular injection Xuechongjing (Benier) diluted into 5% solution with injection water or normal saline, according to 3~5mg/kg body weight, deep intramuscular injection, once every 48 hours, 3 times in a row. ② injection Xuechongqing was injected intravenously or intramuscularly according to the body weight of 0.2~0.3mL/kg, once every 24 hours, 3 times in succession. ③ injection of schistosomiasis according to 0.2~0.3mL/kg body weight, intravenous or intramuscular injection, once every 48 hours, 3 times. ④ antibiotics tetracycline and oxytetracycline were given orally according to 10mg/kg body weight and chlortetracycline according to 15mg/kg body weight, either intramuscularly or intravenously for 7 to 10 days. Using the above-mentioned therapy, the effect is good.

6 summary and discussion

At the initial stage of the disease, the head of ① was mistaken for a common fox disease, which was ineffective after treatment; therefore, once suspicious foxes were found, blood eperythrozoon examination should be carried out early, diagnosis should be made in time, and timely measures should be taken to eliminate the source of infection. ② fox eperythrozoon is mostly transmitted by arthropods; therefore, it is necessary to completely eliminate the pathogen of transmission, regularly kill mosquitoes, flies, scabies mites, lice and other blood-sucking insects, do a good job in environmental disinfection, and reduce morbidity and mortality. For seriously ill foxes, ③ can also be treated with antibiotics to prevent secondary infection. 3-4 hours after the injection of Xuechongqing and Xuechongshu were used in ④, the drug killed part of the worm, which would increase the body temperature of the fox, so it was not necessary to use the medicine to cool down.