Cultivation and management techniques of pepper

First, raising seedlings

The seedlings of three cherry peppers can be raised in sunny border and small arch shed, mainly in small arch shed. The specific practices are as follows.

1. The construction of a small arch shed is generally 1.5 meters wide and 1 meter high, and is covered with grass at night according to the climate.

2. The culture soil should be mixed with 8 parts of fertile garden soil and 3 parts of rotten barnyard manure. If the soil is heavy, it should be mixed with sandy soil.

3. The sowing time of spring sowing and seedling raising is generally arranged in mid-late February, and no later than March 5 at the latest. Summer sowing is usually in mid-March, no later than March 25 at the latest.

4. Before sowing, the soil moisture should be fully irrigated, and the seeds can be sown when there is no stagnant water on the bed surface. The way of sowing is either sowing or strip sowing, generally, the seeds are scattered evenly in the seedbed, and then immediately covered with sifted fine soil, the thickness of the soil should be 1 cm. After sowing and covering the soil, add a layer of plastic film (after the cotyledons are exposed, remove it in time), then cover the arch shed with a better transparent plastic film, and cover the grass at night. Planting 667 square meters of land needs to raise seedlings 10 Murray 15 square meters.

5. The management of seedling stage should pay attention to three links, that is, to keep warm and prevent freezing at the initial stage, to promote the emergence of early and whole seedlings, and to reasonably adjust the temperature and humidity in the middle stage to prevent burning, flashing and falling seedlings.

When the seedlings are unearthed and the cotyledons are fully expanded, the first seedling spacing is 1.5 cm, and when the second or third true leaves are unfolded, the second seedling is carried out, and the seedling distance is 3m / 5cm.

After the seedlings grow to 4 murmur6 true leaves, the seedling bed should be released gradually, which should be carried out when the temperature is high at noon on a sunny day.

Under the management of water and fertilizer, when the surface soil of the seedling bed is dry and the seedlings wilt at noon, they should be watered in time. Starting from the second true leaf, foliar fertilizer was sprayed every 10 days in 7 murmurs.

2. Cultivation techniques

1. Rational fertilization and fine soil preparation

① stubble selection. Three cherry peppers like stubble, not suitable for continuous cropping, continuous cropping yield is reduced, low-lying waterlogged land is not suitable for planting; ② application of sufficient base fertilizer, heavy application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. Generally 667 square meters apply 75 kg of calcium superphosphate, 25 kg of potassium chloride or 20 kg of potassium sulfate. High yield plot 667 square meters applied 100kg calcium superphosphate, 30kg potassium sulfate, 25kg urea; ③ fine soil preparation, ridging and plastic film mulching. When preparing the soil, it is necessary to plough the fine rake deeply so that the soil is fine and bumpy. The ploughing depth should be about 25 cm. Then from the ridge to cover the film, when covering the film, the film should be tightened and covered, and the perimeter should be pressed and sealed with soil.

2. Early planting of strong seedlings and reasonable close planting

Transplanting time of three cherry peppers ①. Generally, after the late frost, when the temperature rises steadily to 15 ℃, transplant as soon as possible. Spring sowing is required to be completed around May 1, and summer sowing requires timely transplanting of wheat after harvest, which should be completed by June 20 at the latest, the earlier the better. ② transplanting method. The day before transplanting, the seedling bed should be watered thoroughly so as to bring more soil, less root damage and reduce seedling damage. Because the three cherry peppers are not resistant to waterlogging, so when transplanting, the seedlings should be planted on the ridge with 2 rows per ridge, and the position of the seedlings should be watered to the root. According to the requirement of row spacing, the planting holes were dug in the plastic film, and then the seedlings were planted into the planting holes and compacted with soil around the seedlings. Watering immediately after planting, and reasonable close planting of ③. Because of its small plant type and compact plant, Sanying pepper should be closely planted in the field. The row spacing is 40 Mel 50 cm, the hole spacing is 20 mi 25 cm, and 667 square meters are planted with 6500 Mel 7000 points.

3. Field management

① fertilizer and water management. The method of one-time fertilizer application was adopted and there was no topdressing during the growing period. However, for pepper fields with poor fertilizer protection, quick-acting fertilizer should be applied after the fruit of three cherry peppers. During the growth period, the soil should be kept dry and wet. In case of drought, water in time, preferably in the evening on a sunny day. Do not water under the scorching sun; ② ploughing and weeding. After transplanting slow seedlings, three cherry peppers should be ploughed in time and ploughed for 2 murmurs 3 times before flowering. In case of rain, ploughing in time after rain. Accelerate soil water evaporation and increase soil temperature. Weeding can be combined with ploughing, but do not damage the plastic film; ③ topping. After transplanting slow seedlings, 5MuthMel topped in time for 7 days, so as to limit the growth of the main stem and promote lateral branches, so as to obtain high yield. Summer sowing generally does not need to hit the top.

4. Pest control

The main pests harmful to three cherry peppers are aphids, cotton bollworm, cabbage worm, etc., which can be controlled by foliar spray of 1000 times of aphids or 2000 times of green kungfu.

The main diseases of three cherry peppers are Fusarium wilt, blight, charcoal suitable disease and soft rot, which are easy to be infected in high temperature and rainy season. The diseased plots can be controlled with mancozeb, chlorothalonil and disinfectant alum, and agricultural streptomycin can be used to control soft rot.

5. harvest at the right time and do a good job in drying and grading.

Three cherry peppers due to clusters, ripe concentrated, generally in Frosts Descent or all the fruit ripe when the whole plant pulled out, one-time harvest, drying classification.