Cultivation techniques of scallions in Keshan County

Small scallions is a kind of cash crop, which used to be produced only in farmers' small gardens and eaten at home. In 2002, our county began to introduce new varieties of scallions "Acheng scallions", "iron strength scallions", "Fujin scallions" and "Yi'an scallions". Demonstration planting began in the field, the benefit is 8 times 10 times that of field crops, and the masses are enthusiastic about planting small scallions. Due to the continuous expansion of the area with good benefits, there are more and more foreign acquisitions. For this reason, in 2007, the county government started with adjusting the planting structure, seized the great opportunity, vigorously publicized our county's small scallion industry inside and outside the province through various forms, and took it as a key promotion project, and achieved a good harvest with an average yield of 1650 kilograms per mu. Many farmers have embarked on the road of prosperity. Now the cultivation techniques of small scallions in our county are introduced as follows:

I. selection of excellent varieties and plants

Small scallion belongs to tillering onion, each plant has 1 or more than ten irregular bulbs of irregular size (4-6 is the best), copper yellow, resistant to storage. The plant has strong cold resistance, rarely blossoms and bears fruit, and propagates with tiller bulbs. Local varieties with strong cold resistance suitable for the climatic conditions of our province should be selected, such as "Acheng scallions", "iron scallions", "rich scallions", "Yi'an scallions" and so on. The bulb is medium-sized, full and full, with high maturity, no heat and no cold.

II. Soil preparation and fertilization

Fertilization, ploughing and ridging in autumn should be adopted to conserve soil moisture and sow seeds in time in spring. Base 667m2 apply rotten circle fertilizer 5000kg diammonium phosphate 10~15kg, ploughing the land, so that the soil fertilizer is fully mixed, according to the 70cm row spacing.

Timely sowing and reasonable close planting

Sow in time in the first ten days of April. Before sowing, we first hug the monopolized surface into a platform and sow seeds in 3 to 4 rows per ridge. Plant distance 15cm, "flower arrangement" sowing to form "kidnapper seedlings", 667square meters to protect seedlings 1905725410. The seed consumption is 225~300kg/667 square meters. Sowing depth 3cm is appropriate, too deep, the aboveground growth is too prosperous, the bulb is not easy to expand, and easy to show deformity. It is too shallow, the root system grows poorly, the plant is easy to lodge, and the bulb is easy to crack or turn green in the sun. In the early stage of bulb expansion, for plants with too many tillers, it is best to remove some of them and retain 4-6 tillers per plant.

IV. Field management

The main results are as follows: 1. Watering takes the autumn ridge, and sows early in spring, the general soil moisture is very good, and there is no need to water after sowing to before emergence. After the seedlings come out, water is watered once, and when the local surface is slightly dry, shovel the soil and loosen the soil in time, ploughing and preserving soil moisture, raising the ground temperature and weeding. It is the principle that the soil should not be dry or wet at the seedling stage. When the bulb begins to expand, it is the key period for fertilizer and water management to water and keep the soil moist. When the bulb is approaching maturity, watering should be reduced gradually and stop watering 5-7 days before harvest.

2. Topdressing should apply diammonium phosphate 20kg/667 square meters (combined watering) in the peak growth period, and potassium sulfate 20kg plus urea 15kg/667 square meters (combined watering) at the beginning of bulb expansion.

3. Chemical weeding due to the high planting density of scallion, it is not easy to shovel and plough to weed. The effect of chemical herbicide is very good. You can use "Shi Tian Bu" 200g/667 square meters, before or after sowing.

4. Pest control

(1) the main pests are leaf miner and ground maggot. The method to control leaf miners is to remove weeds and fallen leaves on the edge of the field in time to eliminate the source of insects; once larvae are found to be buried, the mixture of dimethoate and 2000 times liquid enemy should be sprayed in time. The way to control ground maggots is that the manure used in the field must be fully mature, or the manure can be mixed with a certain amount of insecticide first. When there are more onion flies (their adults), 2000 times liquid enemy should be sprayed in time to kill them, once every 7 days, for 2 times in a row.

(2) the main diseases are onion gray mildew and onion downy mildew, which can be prevented by spraying Bordeaux solution of 1 ∶ 1 ∶.

V. Harvest and storage

Spring onions are generally harvested in the first and middle of July, and the harvest should be carried out on a sunny day. After harvest, the spring onions should be dried on the spot for 2-3 days. Promote ripening and dry the epidermis of the bulb. Then store it in a shady, ventilated and dry place. The output of 667 square meters can reach 1500~3000kg. The bulb should be packed in a woven bag at the end of October (before freezing) and buried in a pit deep in 50cm in the open field to survive the winter safely.