Breeding and Utilization of a New medium Indica Rice Variety Yangdao 6 with good quality, High yield and Disease Resistance

Yangdao 6 is a new medium indica variety bred by Yangdao 4 used by Lixiahe Agricultural Research Institute of Jiangsu Province as the female parent and crossed with "Yan 3021". The F1 seeds were mutagenized by 60CO-γ ray irradiation and then bred continuously. This variety integrates high quality, high yield, disease resistance and wide adaptability. it is an ideal provenance for the development of high quality rice and has been demonstrated and applied in Jiangsu, Anhui, Hubei, Shanghai and other provinces and cities. Yangdao 6 is also a high quality restorer of two-line hybrid rice and three-line red lotus hybrid rice. Two-line hybrid rice such as "Liangyoupeijiu" and "Yueyou 938" and three-line red lotus hybrid rice have also been widely used in production. It was examined and approved by crop approval committees of Jiangsu, Anhui and Hubei provinces in April 1997, August 2000 and January 2001 respectively.

I. selection and breeding process

1. The parents were selected by using the principle of complementary traits and excellent gene polymerization. One of the parents, "Yangdao 4", has the advantages of slender grain shape, low chalkiness, gelatinization temperature and gel consistency, tall and straight plant shape, beautiful growth, resistance to bacterial blight, rice blast, sheath blight and rice planthopper. The disadvantage is that the amylose content is on the high side. The parent "Yan 302" has the advantages of good external quality, low amylose content, resistance to bacterial blight and rice blast, large panicle and grain weight, but its leaves are wide and thin, and it is easy to senescence in the later stage. Sexual hybridization was carried out between the two parents in 1986 and the FI generation was obtained in 1987.

2. Radiation mutagenesis is based on the principle of 60CO-γ ray irradiation to enlarge the range of variation. F1 generation was irradiated by dry seeds, and M1 generation was obtained in 1988.

3. Resistance screening adopts the principle of resistance separation among individuals in early generations to strengthen the resistance screening of diseases and insect pests. Inoculation identification of bacterial blight was carried out in M2-M5 generation; rice blast was identified by inoculation of main physiological races ZA49, ZE3 and ZG1 in Jiangsu Province, and natural induction identification was carried out in Hainan, Hubei and Anhui provinces. Rice planthopper resistance was identified by multi-site induction. Sheath blight resistance was identified by artificial inoculation and field induction identification.

4. The principle of gradual deepening in the selection of quality was adopted in quality identification. The appearance quality traits such as grain shape, chalkiness and transparency were observed and screened in M2-M3 generation, indoor appearance quality and processing quality were identified in M4-M5 generation, and palatable taste was carried out in MO7 generation. Finally, the physical and chemical quality of M8 generation was analyzed.

5. The selection of plant type adopts the viewpoint of coordination and symmetry, the upper and lower parts of the plant are investigated uniformly, the characters are symmetrical from the individual, and the distribution is coordinated from the population. The lower generation focused on the comprehensive characters and appropriately relaxed the selection of economic characters, while the higher generation paid attention to the investigation of stem system, leaf system and panicle system, especially the strict selection of late mature phase, and considered the coordination performance of the population. The selection of root system is mainly through the observation, identification and screening of stubble regeneration ability and wound flow.

6. the selection of adaptability of shuttle breeding adopts the principle of shuttle breeding in different ecological regions, and the local and Hainan round-trip planting screening. Three hundred plants were selected from 2000 plants in M1 generation and selected continuously in M2-M4 generation. 36 excellent plants were obtained in M5 generation. 36 lines were established in M6 generation in Yangzhou, 10 lines in M7 generation and 3 lines in M8 generation.

7. The regional trial participated in the joint identification test of Jiangsu Province in 1994, participated in the regional trial of Jiangsu Province in 1995, and participated in the production test of Jiangsu Province while participating in the regional trial of Jiangsu Province in 1996. It was approved by Jiangsu Province in April 1997, participated in Hubei and Henan Province Regional Test and Anhui Province production Test in 1999, and passed Anhui Province Variety approval in August 2000. In January 2001, it was approved and named in Hubei Province.

2. Characteristic characteristics

1. The main characteristics of Yangdao No. 6 were short and sturdy at seedling stage, good in growth, medium in tillering, 115cm in plant height, stout stem, 5 elongated internodes above ground, total leaf number 17-18, panicle length 24cm, panicle layer neat, and mature phase quite good. Generally, the number of panicles is about 2.25 million / hm2, the total grain per panicle is more than 165grains, the seed setting rate is more than 90%, and the 1000-grain weight is about 319. The whole growth period is about 145 days, which is a late-maturing medium indica type.

2. Main characteristics

(1) quality quality determined by the Rice and Product quality Monitoring Center of the Ministry of Agriculture in 1996, 10 of the 12 quality indexes of Yangdao 6 reached the first-grade rice standard issued by the Ministry, brown rice rate 80.9%, milled rice rate 74.7%, rice grain length 7.0mm, rice grain length-width ratio 3, chalkiness 5%, transparency 2, amylose content 17.6%, alkali elimination value 7, gel consistency 94mm, protein content 11.3%. Rice is loose and soft, not hard after cold, and good palatability.

(2) according to the identification of Plant Protection Institute of Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences in 1996, the disease grade of bacterial blight representative strains KS-6-6, Zhejiang 173, GD1358 and JS49-6 were all grade 3. It was resistant to physiological races ZA49, ZE3 and ZGI of rice blast in Jiangsu Province, and the disease grade was R. According to the identification test of sheath blight resistance of Yangzhou University Agricultural College, Yangdao 6 was resistant to RH9 sheath blight. Yangdao 6 was resistant to evil seedling disease and basic rot, and did not occur in demonstration trials for many years. In the later stage, leaf diseases were mild, cloud disease and leaf tip blight rarely occurred, and there were still three green leaves at maturity. Yangdao 6 was resistant to rice planthopper in the field. In 1997, rice planthopper occurred greatly in Jiangsu and Anhui provinces. Hybrid rice Shanyou 63 and Xiedai 63 lodged and died. Only Yangdao 6 had yellow stalk and green seeds. Yangdao 6 was highly resistant to lodging. According to the determination of our institute in 1996, the breaking resistance of the second Internode at the yellow mature stage of Yangdao 6 was 1.1158kg/cm, while that of the control Shanyou 63 was 0.722kg/cm, and its bending strength was 54.54% higher than that of Shanyou 63. In the regional test and production test in Jiangsu Province from 1995 to 1996, there was no lodging in the pilot, and the planting in large area also showed high lodging resistance.

(3) the yield of Gaoyang rice No. 6 was outstanding in the variety comparison test of our institute, the regional test of Jiangsu Province, the production test and the regional test of Anhui, Henan and Hubei provinces. In the variety comparison test and high-yield cultivation experiment in our institute from 1993 to 1994, the yield per 667m2 was 652kg and 698.1kg respectively, which was 6.4% and 16.72% higher than that of Shanyou 63, respectively. In the variety regional trial in Jiangsu Province from 1995 to 1996, the average unit yield of 614.1kg/667m2 was 7.21% higher than that of the control Yangfuxian 2 (extremely significant), ranking first among the tested varieties (lines). In 1996, an exception was made to participate in the production trial in Jiangsu Province ahead of time, and the average unit yield of 571.93kg/667m2 was 7.47% higher than that of the control Yangfuxian 2, ranking first. In the 1997-1998 medium indica regional test in Anhui Province, the yield was 3.0% and 8.16% higher than that of the control Yangdao 4, respectively, reaching a very significant level. In the regional test of improved rice varieties in the southern rice region of Henan Province in 1998, the yield was 4.86% higher than that of the control Yuxian 3, reaching a significant level. In the regional trial of medium hybrid rice (introduction) in Hubei Province in 1999, the yield was 2.64% higher than that of the control Shanyou 63 (CK).

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