The application of cotton "two changes" technology is progressing smoothly.

The technology of industrial seedling raising and mechanized transplanting of cotton (referred to as "two technologies" for short) has the characteristics of modern agriculture. it is not only an intensive and large-scale production technology, but also a resource-saving and environment-friendly technology. its core technology is substrate seedling raising and naked seedling transplanting, which passed the appraisal of the Ministry of Agriculture in 2004 (Ministry of Agriculture Achievement Registration No.: agricultural Science Guojian word [0056] No. 0056), ranking among the international leading level of similar research. It has obtained many pieces from the state and realized the production and serialization of technology. last year, it entered the production demonstration, and this year, various localities were included in the plan to revitalize cotton through science and technology, and the demonstration application covered the main cotton-producing areas of the country. At present, the seedbed sowing and seedling emergence is good, and it is progressing smoothly, which shows that the modernization of cotton production in China has begun to take shape, and new models and experiences have been created in practice.

I. the demonstration and transformation of the new technology of "two modernizations" covers the main cotton-producing areas of the country.

This year, on the basis of steadily expanding the area of the Yangtze River basin, the "two modernizations" technology has actively promoted the cotton areas in the Yellow River basin and entered the inland cotton areas in the northwest. The demonstration sites are distributed in Hunan, Hubei, Anhui, Jiangxi, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Henan, Shandong, Hebei, Tianjin and Xinxin and other cotton-producing provinces and cities. Preliminary statistics show that there are 300 demonstration counties (regiments and farms), and the transplanting area of cotton seedbeds (the first time) in early spring is expected to reach 600000 mu, and the area of vegetables and melons is 100000 mu. Since early March, substrate seedling cultivation has begun. At the beginning of March, the fourth Agricultural Division of the production and Construction Corps sowed seeds, and then the 7th Agricultural Division, the first Agricultural Division and the second Agricultural Division respectively sowed seeds. On April 5, only seedlings emerged neatly, the seedlings grew steadily, there were no diseases, pests and weeds, the leaves were dark green, and the real pieces were 2-3, which could be transplanted into the field by seizing warm weather, and the growth period was more than 30 days earlier than that of direct seeding in the field. It laid the foundation for high yield and super high yield of cotton. The mainland sowed seeds one after another in early April, due to strengthening training, on-site demonstration and itinerant guidance, according to the standard operation, seedling bed emergence neatly, seedling growth robust, disease-free, early sowing seedbed has been born true leaves.

After nearly 4 years of demonstration, all localities have shown that: first, the seedling rate of the seedling bed is high, basically realizing one seed and one seedling, saving more than half of the seeds. Second, the seedlings are strong, the roots are many, the cotyledons are intact, the stem is thick and node is dense, and the seedling height is moderate. Third, there is no disease, there is no need to control diseases and insect pests. Because the matrix has no soil and no pathogen, it does not rot the seed and rot the bud. Fourth, the management of seedbed is simple and convenient. Because the whole seedling is nourished by the matrix, the bed only needs to add clean river sand, and the seedling period is irrigated with root-promoting agent and appropriate water according to the operation regulations, which saves a lot of labor. The results show that the technical index of "two modernizations" has good reproducibility.

Second, innovate the new model of substrate seedling raising and naked seedling transplanting.

A number of new models of seedling raising and transplanting have been innovated all over the country, and the main models are decentralized seedling raising, centralized seedling raising, comprehensive seedling raising and order transplanting.

1. It is convenient for ten thousand families to raise seedlings separately. Every family can raise seedlings by themselves, and the breeding ground can be built either in front of the house or in the field. Because there is no soil for raising seedlings in the matrix, 1500 seedlings can be raised in the general net area of 3m2, with a small area of seedbed and half of the land, which is suitable for thousands of families.

2. Centralized seedling raising and commercial seedling supply. Large-scale and factory are the main forms of centralized seedling cultivation. Changde Kenong Company continues to use solar greenhouse to raise seedlings, covering an area of 4540m2, and plans to transplant 2000 mu. Anhui Yushun seed Industry built 5 solar greenhouses with an area of 2000m2, planned to transplant 200mu; Shandong Runfeng seed Industry built 123simple seedbeds with an area of 2500m2, planned to transplant 200mu; Handan, Hebei Province combined with the "1000 mu cotton high yield demonstration project", built 6 solar greenhouses with an area of 2600m2 in Longyao, planned to transplant 1000 mu. The first agricultural division built 8 greenhouses, nursery beds and 4000m2, raised 1.2 million seedlings, and planned to transplant 200mu. The fourth agricultural division built 8 greenhouses and 5000m2 seedbeds, and planned to transplant 200mu. The seventh agricultural division built a greenhouse and a seedbed 260m2, and planned to transplant 15 mu. Huatian seed Industry built a greenhouse in Kuitun, nursery bed 340m2, raised more than 40, 000 seedlings, and planned to transplant 10 mu. Industrial and large-scale seedling raising, centralized seedling raising and centralized management have been adopted to realize commercial seedling supply, which is a new leap in cotton production in China.

3. Comprehensive seed and seedling, one bed can be used for many purposes. Comprehensive seedling technology has begun to take shape, and the area is constantly expanding, which has become a new direction for the development of crop and vegetable seedling technology. For example, watermelon-cotton seedling in Xiangfan, Hubei province, vegetable melon-cotton in Xiantao, tobacco and melon seedling-cotton comprehensive seedling in Nanyang, many kinds of vegetables enter greenhouse or greenhouse in late February or early March, seedling period is about 30 ~ 40 days, leave bed at the end of March and early April, then early spring cotton, transplant into a mature cotton field at the end of April, and transplant late spring cotton seedlings into rape field. To achieve a bed of dual-purpose and multi-purpose, according to the survey, Xiantao Ximing seed industry in Hubei Province built 2 daylight greenhouses, each 280m2. Sowing in late February, breeding pepper, tomato, cucumber, balsam pear, watermelon, watermelon and eggplant, the order price is 0.1yuan, including cucumber seedling twice, eggplant 0.5yuan / plant, 400plants / m2, excluding cost 20 yuan, net income 20 yuan, one greenhouse 280m2, one seedling season income 5600 yuan. In the same greenhouse and the same seedling bed, the unit price of breeding early spring cotton is 0.07yuan, excluding the cost, the income of single seedling is 0.03yuan, the income of early spring cotton is 3360, and that of late spring cotton is 3360 yuan. In a 280m2 greenhouse, the income of raising seedlings for 3 times in 4 months is about 12320 yuan, and the income per unit seedbed is 44 yuan / m2.

4. Continuous seedling raising to save cost. The Yellow River basin adopts the early spring cotton-short-season cotton model, and the short-season cotton is mechanized after harvest, with a dual-purpose bed and low cost. at the same time, the growth period of short-season cotton is 30 days earlier, and the pre-frost flowering rate reaches 90%. It is welcomed by farmers.

5. mechanized transplanting should be carried out to reduce labor intensity and strive for the season. On the basis of "order seed" and "order seedling", "order transplanting" is carried out. In the mainland, naked seedling cotton is mechanized, which greatly saves manpower, reduces labor intensity, strives for season, and reduces transplanting cost. At the same time, transplanting machinery is also suitable for transplanting vegetables and flowers and has a wide range of uses.

Third, standardize the operation, grasp the key links, cultivate strong seedlings and improve the survival rate.

Due to the continuous expansion of the demonstration, the operation is not standard, which is not conducive to the cultivation of healthy seedlings, the main problems and corrective measures are as follows:

1. The thickness of matrix is not enough. The newly made seedling bed must be in accordance with the standard operation requirements, and the seedling bed should be evenly mixed with the thickness of the substrate 10cm to ensure the functions of water supply, water retention, heat preservation and nutrition of the substrate at the seedling stage. If the thickness of the substrate is less than 10cm, add the substrate to the bed before and after emergence to make the thickness reach 10cm.

2. Narrow row spacing, small grain spacing and high density. The standard operation requires that the row spacing of seedbed sowing is 10cm, the grain spacing is 1.8cm and 2.0cm, and the row spacing can also be adjusted to 8cm and plant spacing to 3cm. If the row spacing is less than 10cm, it is recommended to remove a row of seedlings; after emergence, there are many seedlings with high density, thinning seedlings with scissors to ensure that the plant spacing reaches more than 2cm.

3. Correct use of root promoters. The first use is from seedling emergence to cotyledon spreading. Per square meter, the root promoter 40ml solution and 4000ml water dilution are used to irrigate the roots of cotton seedlings. After soaking the roots for 15 minutes for the second time, 1500 roots were soaked in each 3000ml diluent, and the cotton seedlings were soaked again with a new root promoter.

4. The nursery bed management is mainly controlled, and the red young stems account for 50% of the healthy seedlings. The seedling bed should be ventilated in time to prevent high temperature burning and "high-foot seedlings". Under the condition of sufficient moisture and sowing, the first water should be irrigated with root-promoting agent from seedling emergence to cotyledon spreading, and then irrigated according to seedling condition and substrate moisture. The seedling age is 25-30 days, the true leaf is 2-3, and the seedling height is 15~20cm.

5. Grasp the key links of naked seedling transplanting. Spray leaf surface with leaf protectant 15 times before seedling emergence; emphasize "planting warm seedlings without cold seedlings", "planting high temperature seedlings without low temperature and freezing injury seedlings"; transplanting depth should be deep rather than shallow; planting cotton is like growing vegetables, it is necessary to pour "settling water" after planting.