Artificial cultivation of Schisandra chinensis in the mountainous area of eastern Liaoning

Schisandra chinensis is a plant of Magnoliaceae, and its dried and ripe fruit has high medicinal value, such as convergence, nourishing, promoting fluid, antidiarrheal and so on. With the destruction of natural resources and artificial overplanting, the market of traditional Chinese medicine is in short supply and the prospect of artificial cultivation is broad. This is a Chinese herbal medicine project with large investment, long cycle and considerable income, so the cultivation technology is particularly important.

First, land selection and land preparation. The seedling land should be loose and fertile, close to water source and good drainage and irrigation, and the old ginseng land is the best. After ploughing, rake fine, make a border of 15 cm high and 120-150 cm wide to apply rotten barnyard manure 10-15 kg. In addition to fertile, good drainage and irrigation, the slope is required to be less than 15 degrees, and holes can be dug at a distance of 0.8-1.1 meters. When semi-artificial cultivation is adopted, plots with support plants should be selected.

Second, raising seedlings and transplanting. At present, Schisandra chinensis is mainly propagated by seed, supplemented by ramet cuttage.

1. Seed breeding: before sowing, soak the seeds harvested in warm water for 2-3 days, rub off the pulp, wash out the seeds, mix them with 3 times wet sand and put them outside for natural stratification treatment. After thawing in the following spring, it was moved into the room to continue stratification, and the seeds could be sown after most of the embryos were mature (about the first and middle of May). Often sowing in trenches with a row spacing of 15 cm, covering about 2 cm, slightly suppressing the cover grass to moisturize, about 5 kg per mu of sowing. The cover grass should be removed when the seedlings emerge in 3-4 weeks, and the shade shed should be set up (removed in late August). When the seedlings reach 3-4 leaves, the seedlings should be fixed according to the plant spacing of 5-7 cm, and they can be transplanted and planted when they have 5-10 leaves.

2. Cutting seedling raising: before the plant germinated in early spring, the biennial branches were cut as cuttings, and the cuttings grew 15 cm, each with 2-3 nodes, and then inserted into the seedbed according to 15 × 7-10 cm row spacing to promote rooting under the condition of 27-31 ℃. The twigs can also be cut in July, cut into 10 cm long branches, inserted into the cutter according to 15 × 7-10 cm row spacing, pay attention to moisturizing and shading, and transplant in the next autumn.

3. Transplanting can be carried out in both spring and autumn. All were carried out during the dormant period. Dig holes according to the row spacing of 70-90 cm × 100-120 cm, with a depth of 30-35 cm and a diameter of 60 cm, apply 2-3 kg of rotten circle fertilizer each time, mix well with the soil and plant seedlings. When planting, the roots should be stretched and watered thoroughly.

III. Field management

1. Scaffolding: after transplanting, scaffolding should be set up for climbing. The support is divided into natural support and artificial support, the trees of the natural support should have appropriate height and sparse crown, and the red in the mountain or Shanding is better, the artificial support is set up with cement column, and a column is set up every 4-6 meters. pull a galvanized iron wire every 50 centimeters, and tie the Schisandra vines to the wire.

2. Weeding, topdressing and irrigation: weeding is carried out 4-5 times a year according to field conditions after transplanting, with a ploughing depth of about 10 cm, so that the soil is loose and permeable, and plays the role of drought resistance and water conservation. Be careful not to hurt the roots in the process of weeding. Topdressing is applied twice a year, the first time before the flower buds open in the middle and late May, the fruit setting rate can be increased, 25 grams of thiamine and calcium superphosphate can be used per plant, and the second time, in the first and middle of July, 50 grams of calcium superphosphate per plant to facilitate flower bud differentiation. The flowering period of Schisandra chinensis is in the dry season, so it should be irrigated to prevent flowers and fruits from falling. Keep the soil moist during the fruit expansion period. Before freezing in autumn, the roots are filled with water, and then cultivated on the soil to facilitate overwintering and growth in the following year.

3. Pruning: Schisandra chinensis is a dry and multi-branched plant. In order to maintain high yield, it must be pruned on the basis of adequate fertilizer, water, ventilation and light transmission. Pruning is mainly in winter and spring. When pruning, the shearing mouth is 2-2.5 cm away from the bud eye and 30 cm from the ground. No side branches are left on the shelf surface. Except for the 2-3 main vines tied to the bamboo pole, the other parasitic branches are all cut off. When the vines are not covered with the shelf surface, the extended branches of the main vines can only cut off the immature parts. The pruning of contralateral vines is mainly medium-long shoots, with a spacing of 15-20 cm, leaving about 13 medium-long branches per pole, and leaf clump branches are not cut in principle. When the main vine is aging, strong branches should be selected from the plant base to make a new main vine for renewal. Cut off parasitic branches, from stacked branches, side bore branches, diseased branches and newly overdense branches. Reasonable pruning can improve the structure, rejuvenate the plant and prolong the fruiting age.

4. Disease prevention and insect control: the main diseases are blight, root rot, powdery mildew, black spot, etc., and the main pests are leaf rollers, heart-eating insects, red spiders and so on. The prevention and control of diseases and insect pests must adopt pollution-free control methods to prevent the medicinal value of Schisandra chinensis. The basic principles of using pesticides are:

⑴ prohibits highly toxic, highly toxic and highly residual pesticides

Rational mixed use of pesticides in ⑵

Alternate use of ⑶ to reduce drug resistance of diseases and insect pests

⑷ controls the dosage and spraying time to avoid drug damage.

⑸ improves the utilization rate of pesticides and prescribes the right medicine to the case.

The interval between continuous use of pesticides in ⑹ is 7-15 days. The production field of Schisandra chinensis must be protected from the damage of 2meme 4murine D butyl ester.

Fourth, harvest. From September to October, the fruit is picked when it is bright red, cut and dried in the sun, and the dew can be wet on a sunny night, so that Schisandra chinensis is of high oil and good quality. when the hand is elastic, it is dry when it is loosened, and the handle and impurities can be put into storage or @ # @ 136 fruit.