Production technology of Schisandra chinensis

Schisandra chinensis is an authentic medicinal material in Liaoning, known as the "Liao five flavors". It is mainly distributed in the eastern mountain area of Liaoning Province. The medicinal use of Schisandra chinensis has a long history, and it was recorded as early as 2000 years ago.

Schisandra chinensis is often born in mixed wood forests, between small trees and bushes on both sides of gullies and streams. Between Xiao Qiao and the bushes on both sides of the stream. Wrapped around other trees. Schisandra chinensis is a unisexual flower, but there are also bisexual flowers, it is monoecious, but also dioecious. The formation of female and male is related to nutritional conditions. Old plants or on barren land, most of the plants are male flowers. Young and strong plants with strong vitality, or artificially cultivated plants with sufficient fertilizer and water, good management and suitable pruning are mostly female flowers. The flower grows on the branch of the previous year, and the female flower grows on the upper part of the climbing stem. Schisandra chinensis is very adaptable and likes fat, moist and light plants.

Schisandra chinensis artificial cultivation: artificial cultivation of Schisandra chinensis, mostly using the method of sexual reproduction.

1. Raising seedlings

The key to the technology of raising seedlings of Schisandra chinensis is emergence and seedling protection.

The main results are as follows: (1) seed treatment: the seed embryo of Schisandra chinensis is very small, and the seed coat is hard, oily and impermeable, so seed treatment must be carried out to ensure seedling emergence. The method of seed treatment is to select mature and full seeds, soak them in warm water for 3 to 5 days, rub off the pulp, bleach out blighted seeds, and wash them into full seeds. Dig a pit with a depth of 60 cm and a width of 60 cm. The above seeds are fully mixed with 3 times the amount of wet sand and buried in the pit with no contact with the seeds. After burying it, cover it with a layer of grass, then cover a half-foot thick pit, and dig a good drainage ditch around to prevent Rain Water from pouring in. Always check the seeds to prevent mildew. Bury the seeds in sand for 70-90 days and sow the seeds as soon as the germ is exposed. And avoid too long buds, otherwise easy to break when sowing, or dry enough to die in case of drought.

(2) the method of raising seedlings, and the selection of seedling field is the key technology of raising seedlings of Schisandra chinensis. There are three forms of raising seedlings in flat land, old ginseng land and under forest in our province. Raising seedlings on flat land is more common and grows fast. It is also possible to raise seedlings in the old ginseng land, which is labor-saving, but the growth is slow.

(1) raising seedlings on flat land

Land selection: to choose flat, sunny, irrigation conditions, good drainage, fertile sandy loam seedlings.

Soil preparation and fertilization: the seedling field should be turned in autumn or spring. After turning, rake flat and preserve soil moisture in time, and apply sufficient base fertilizer. 2500-4000 kg of barnyard manure is applied per mu. The height of the bed depends on the local weather, soil conditions and the level of the lower water level. General border height 10 cm, border width 1 meter, border length can be flexibly determined, in order to facilitate seedling ventilation and light transmission as the principle, the direction of the border in the north-south direction is better.

Sowing: sow seeds at the right time, and the sowing time should be from late April to early May. Generally, strip sowing is used to open ditches horizontally in order to facilitate the management of seedling fields. According to the line spacing of 15 cm, sowing depth of 2.5 cm, we should pay attention to step on the bottom grid, sowing amount of about 5 kg per mu, timely covering soil after sowing, covering soil thickness of 2.5 cm is appropriate. Put a little suppression after sowing to prevent the wind from running away the moisture. And water it with a spray can to prevent the buds from drying. In order to keep the bed moist, straw and tree branches can be used to cover the border surface with thickness to cover the land. After covering the grass, two grass ropes should be tied to the wooden stakes at both ends of the border to prevent the strong wind from blowing away.

Seedling field management: remove the grass cover and build a shade shed. After sand burial treatment, seedlings can emerge one after another 20-30 days after sowing. Check frequently to prevent the mulch from crushing the seedlings. When the emergence of seedlings reaches 50% 70%, all the mulch will be removed, and at the same time, a simple shading shed can be built with thatched grass and branches, which can not only play a shading role, but also penetrate scattered light.

Watering, loosening soil, weeding, interseedling: Schisandra chinensis seedlings have an urgent demand for water, when the dry soil layer of the border surface reaches 1.5-1.8 cm, it should be watered. Loosen the soil and weed at the same time after watering. When the seedling pulls out 3 or 4 true leaves and the time seedling, the plant distance is 6 ~ 9 cm, some of which can be removed from the shade.

Topdressing: in order to protect strong seedlings, topdressing twice. When the shade was removed for the first time, 10 kg of ammonium sulfate was applied per mu. The second time was carried out when the plant height was 912 cm, topdressing 15kg superphosphate per mu.

(2) raising seedlings in the old ginseng land:

Selection: in the ginseng producing area, you can choose the old ginseng land with fertile soil, plenty of sunshine and planted ginseng, trim the old ginseng bed, and then sow and raise seedlings.

Sowing: the sowing method and time are the same as raising seedlings on flat land, but because the planting ground is mostly on the hillside, the row spacing should be increased to 1820 cm, and the cover can be covered with old ginseng curtains, or branches, etc. Nursery bed management is the same as before, raising seedlings on flat land.

Raising seedlings under the forest: a gentle slope broad-leaved forest with deep humic soil and sufficient sunshine (light transmittance 60-70%) should be selected as the site to remove small shrubs, tree roots, stones, etc., and then dig the land along the mountain to make a bed. The width of the border is 1-1.5 meters, and the height of the border is 6-9 centimeters. The sowing method and seedling field management are the same as the flat-land seedling raising method. Raising seedlings under the forest does not need mulching and shading.

(3) Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests at seedling stage. Because the soil in the seedling field is relatively moist and manure is sufficient, there are more underground pests. Common mole cricket, grub, golden needle worm, etc., move under the covered grass, bite the young roots and tender leaves of the seedlings, and in serious cases, the seedlings are killed into pieces, resulting in lack of seedlings and broken strips. The method of prevention and control can be killed by poison bait soil, or it can be captured and eliminated manually.

two。 Transplant

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