Sowing and Seedling raising techniques of Schisandra chinensis

1 seed collection

After late July, it can enter the artificial cultivation garden for seed selection. The seed selection standard is that the fruit trees with ear length above 8cm, average grain weight above 0.5g and early berry coloring are determined as seed harvesting trees. Harvest the fruit in the middle and late September, pile it up for a few days, then select with water, bleach the grained grains, rub the peel and pulp, wash and dry in a cool place.

According to the different seasons, Schisandra chinensis can be divided into autumn sowing and spring sowing. Autumn sowing refers to sowing the seeds collected in the same year directly into the nursery, while the seeds used for sowing in the next spring must be treated by stratification.

2 stratification and sprouting treatment

From the middle to the second ten days of December to the first and middle of January, the seeds were soaked in clean water for 2 days, and the water was changed once a day. Then, according to the ratio of 1 ┱ 3, the wet seeds were mixed with fresh clean fine river sand and placed outside under natural conditions for heat preservation and stratification treatment. The humidity of sand should be held tightly by hand without dripping, and it is appropriate to let go, usually 40% to 50% of the saturated water content. The time required for seed stratification treatment of Schisandra chinensis is 80 ~ 90 days. About half a month before sowing, the seeds were screened out from the stratified wet sand, soaked in cold water for 3 to 4 days, and changed water once a day. When the seed coat of the soaked seed is cracked or the radicle and mouth crack rate reaches about 30%, the seed can be sown.

If the seeds were soaked in 250ml/l (ppm) gibberellin solution or 1% copper sulfate aqueous solution for 24 hours before stratification, the stratification time could be shortened by about 1 to 3.

3 selection of nursery land

In order to cultivate excellent Schisandra chinensis seedlings, the nursery had better choose the sandy soil with flat terrain, convenient water source, good drainage, loose and fertile sandy soil, or old ginseng land. Bed is the best way to raise seedlings, and beds can be made according to different soil conditions. The low-lying nursery land prone to waterlogging and more Rain Water should be ploughed, raked fine and ploughed 25~30cm before the soil freezes in the previous year. Combined with the application of basic fertilizer in autumn, the rotten farm manure 10~15kg per square meter, mix well with the bed soil, cuddle flat the bed surface and sow seeds. No matter what kind of seedbed, there should be a loose bed soil with a thickness not less than 15cm.

4 sowing and post-sowing management

Live broadcast on ①. Spring sowing (early May) and autumn sowing (before soil freezing) can be implemented. Before sowing, make a low border with a width of 1.2m and a length of 10m. The strip sowing method is used for sowing, that is, the row spacing of 15~18cm is pressed on the border surface, the shallow trench of 2~3cm is opened, and the bottom lattice is stepped on. Sowing seed 100g / mu and sowing seed 5kg / mu. After sowing, covered with 2cm thick and fine soil, suppressed with wood, watered thoroughly, and then covered with a grass curtain on the bed to maintain soil moisture. The seedlings can emerge 20-30 days after sowing. When the emergence rate reaches 50%-70%, the grass curtain is removed in batches and a simple shading shed is set up to keep the light transmittance below 30%-40%. When the seedlings grow to 5~6cm high, the shade is removed. The seedlings produced 3-4 true leaves, and the plant distance was 3~5cm. Because the terminal buds of Schisandra chinensis seedlings are particularly sensitive to some herbicides, weeding should be artificial. The height and growth of seedlings in the same year is generally in 10~15cm, and those whose height is less than 10cm should be covered with soil to survive the winter, and then cultivated for one year to build a garden.

Seedlings were raised in protected ground with ②. At the beginning of April, plastic greenhouse was buckled to make paper bag nutrition bowl with specifications of 6 × 6 × 10cm or 7 × 7 × 10cm. The proportion of nutritious soil is 1 ┱ 3 of fine river sand and humus soil, and 5% of mature farm manure (pig manure) and 0.3% diammonium phosphate (ground powder) are added. Before sowing, water the nutrient soil at the bottom of the bowl thoroughly. Sow 2 seeds in each paper bowl and cover the soil with 1.0~1.5cm. When sowing, the subsoil and overlying soil should be mixed with appropriate amount of carbendazim. After sowing, combined with watering, 800-1000 times Dysenamine was sprayed. Proper humidity should be maintained after sowing. Generally, the seedlings should be watered once every 2-3 days, and the seedlings should be shaded for about 20 days. When the temperature is above 30 ℃, attention should be paid to ventilation.

③ seedling transplanting and nursery site management. In the middle and late June, the seedlings moved into the nursery with soil. The nursery land before planting seedlings should be fully prepared for raking and ridging. When planting seedlings, flat picks were used to break ridges and open ditches, deep ditches 15cm, and base fertilizer was applied (high quality farm manure 400~500kg per mu). The paper bowl seedlings were placed in the ditch according to the plant distance 10~15cm, filled with fine soil, watered thoroughly, and finally sealed. Topdressing at seedling stage was carried out twice, the first time when the shading shed was removed, ditching between seedling rows, ammonium nitrate 200g 250g and potassium sulfate 50g 60g in each seedling bed, and the second time when the seedling height was about 10cm, diammonium phosphate 300g 400g and potassium sulfate 60g 80g were applied to each seedling bed. After fertilization, the watering times should be increased appropriately to facilitate the growth of seedlings.