Cultivation techniques for High and stable yield of Pleurotus ostreatus

Tea tree mushroom has a certain cultivation area in Gaochun, Jintan and other places, but in recent years, affected by resources, technology and market, the cultivation area of tea tree mushroom continues to decrease. From the technical level, the main factors affecting the high and stable yield of Agrocybe chaxingu are as follows: first, strain degradation. The breeding of Agrocybe chaxingu was lagging behind, the strain source was single, and obvious degeneration appeared. Second, the formula is unreasonable. In the production of Agrocybe chaxingu, the formula of culture medium is random, especially the proportion of nitrogen nutrition is not in place, which seriously affects the yield of Agrocybe chaxingu. Third, the bag yield is low. The bag making rate of Agrocybe chaxingu in autumn is only 70%~80% under high temperature condition, and the poor is even lower than 50%. Four are pests and diseases. Tea tree mushroom grows for a long time and is easily damaged by mites, mushroom flies, mushroom mosquitoes and other pests. Corresponding measures should be taken to improve the yield of tea mushroom.

Select fine strains At present, there are two main sources of fine strains of Agrocybe chaxingensis mainly cultivated in various parts of China, one is Fungi Research Institute of Sanming City, Fujian Province, whose stipe is thick, the number of fruiting bodies is few, the color is dark, the cap is brown, the fruiting body has strong high temperature resistance ability, the yield is high, but the taste of fresh mushrooms is slightly poor; the other is Guangchang, Jiangxi Province, whose stipe is thin, the number of fruiting bodies is many, the color is slightly light, the cap is reddish brown, the yield is slightly low, but the meat is tender, and the taste of fresh mushrooms is good. It is suggested that mushroom farmers should introduce mother seeds directly from regular units for propagation.

Using scientific formula, the nitrogen content of Agrocybe chaxingu culture medium is too high, the pollution rate is high, the fruiting is late, and the nitrogen content is too low, the yield is low. The following two formulas are suggested: sawdust 36%, cottonseed hull 36%, bran 20%, corn flour 5%, tea seed cake 1%, light calcium carbonate 1%, sugar 1%, pH 7~7.5; or cottonseed hull 87%, bran 10%, lime 2%, sugar 1%, water content 56%~60%, pH 7~7.5.

To improve the bag yield, one is the quality of culture medium. The culture material should be fresh and mildew-free, and the sawdust should be post-ripened and sieved. The moisture content of the culture medium should be appropriate, so that there is water stain between the fingers but no drop. The second is the production of bacteria bags. Cottonseed hulls and sawdust should be pre-moistened 24 hours in advance and added with lime for accumulation and fermentation, then wheat bran should be added, and the time for bagging should not exceed 5 hours. Third, disinfection and sterilization. Bag the material into the atmospheric stove, generally 2500-3000 bags per stove, not too much. During sterilization,"attack the head, control the middle and protect the tail" shall be achieved, so that the time for heating to 100℃ shall be shortened as much as possible, and the temperature shall be maintained for 16~18 hours after reaching 100℃, so as to achieve complete sterilization. Fourth, strain cultivation. Tea tree mushroom is sensitive to light and temperature. The culture of bacteria should be carried out under the condition of relatively constant temperature and light protection. The temperature should be controlled at 22~26℃. The culture room should be inspected once every 10 days to eliminate contaminated bacteria. Fifthly, inoculation of bacteria bag. After sterilization, the material is cooled to below 30℃ and put into an inoculation box for inoculation. Minimize bag breakage.

The optimum temperature for differentiation of fruiting body was 22~26℃. The fruiting body grew slowly, changed slowly, the stipe was short and the yield was low below 20℃. The fruiting body grew quickly and opened umbrella easily above 28℃, which affected the quality. In Gaochun County, it is most suitable for the formation and growth of the fruiting body of Agrocybe chaxingu in the middle and late May and the middle and late September, and the reasonable bag-making period is 55~60 days forward, which is generally arranged in the first and middle March and the first and middle July.

Physical control and biological control should be adopted for integrated pest control, and chemical control should not be used as far as possible during fruiting period. Focus on environmental sanitation, timely treatment of waste bacteria bags, and disinfection of mushroom room inside and outside, with clean tap water replenishment. The insect control method was combined with insect net, black light lamp and water immersion method (irrigating the mushroom tube before the appearance of mushroom primordium or after harvesting, the water level was 1~ 2mm higher than the material surface, and then pouring it out after soaking for 2 days).