Identification methods of original and cultivated species of Edible Fungi

Lentinus edodes strain

The mycelium is white, stout, stretched and uniform, with neat edges and fast growth; it develops in the shape of fan feathers in the bottle wall, grows robust and secretes soy sauce-colored water droplets. After the mycelium grows full, the amber transparent liquid is often seen within 10-15 days, and it has the unique fragrant smell of Lentinus edodes, no odor and mildew smell.

If the mycelium column in the bottle is separated from the bottle wall, it shows that the culture material is caused by too much water; if it is separated, the mycelium column begins to shrink again, and the surface mycelium skin thickens and turns dark brown, indicating that the strain has begun to age and cannot be preserved for a long time, so it should be used immediately.

If a small mushroom bud has appeared on the surface of the strain column, which is one of the characteristics of a good strain, the mushroom bud should be removed and used as soon as possible; if there are a large number of mushroom buds, it means that the bacteria have aged and should not be used.

If the wood particles can be seen in the strain bottle, the culture time is insufficient, and the culture should be continued for a period of time. If the quality of rice bran used is too poor (including too much husk), resulting in poor mycelial growth, the medium should be changed and re-produced.

Straw mushroom strain

The hyphae are dense, robust, evenly distributed, transparent, glossy and yellowish white. There are a large number of yellow-white or reddish thick constant spores, which are normal small-grain volvariella volvacea; if there are few thick spores, they are large-grained volvariella volvacea.

If the mycelium in the bottle shrinks, withered, the growth is weak, and the culture medium dries up or decays, it is an aging strain and can not be used.

If the mycelium is white, concentrated or the ink-like umbrella growing in the bottle is a ghost umbrella, it can not be used either.

The bacterial age of cultivated species is generally no more than 20 days. If mite damage occurs in the bacteria, it should be eliminated.

Auricularia auricula strain

The mycelium is white, like fine wool, the hair is short and neat, dense, strong and powerful, extending side by side to the bottom of the bottle, growing evenly, consistent up and down, dug out into blocks, not loose.

After the mycelium grows full, brown water droplets are usually secreted on the surface of the bacteria. After that, light yellow transparent gelatinous ear buds appeared around the bottle wall and on the surface.

The strain column is close to the bottle wall, and the bottle with a small amount of white water droplets on the inner wall is the fresh strain. If there is light yellow stagnant water at the bottom of the bottle, the bacteria column shrinks away from the wall, which is an aging strain and can not be used.

Normal bacteria have the unique aromatic smell of Auricularia auricula, if there is a smelly and moldy smell, or the phenomenon of patchy and spherical non-bacteria, it is bacterial contamination, and if there are other colors such as red, green, yellow and black, it means that it has been contaminated by miscellaneous bacteria and can not be used.

If a light black glue (ear base) appears between the culture medium and the bottle wall, it means that it is precocious or has too many times of expansion, and the ear slices after cultivation are small, large in quantity, not easy to grow, poor in quality and low in yield, which should be eliminated.

If the wood particles can be seen in the bottle and the hyphae are few, it means that the culture time is too short and should continue to be cultured. If there is no significant change after a period of time, the medium is not nutritious enough and should be supplemented.

If the strain grows to about half or a corner does not continue to grow, it may be too dry or too wet. If the mycelium grows neatly, dense, suddenly sparse, and has a clear boundary, it means that the upper material is moderate and the lower part is too dense.

The surface and interior of seed trees and branches should be covered with white woolly hyphae. If the hyphae are not found after dissection, it means that the seed trees and branches are too wet and the mycelium development time is too short, so they should continue to be cultured.

Tremella species

The hypha of incense ash is feathery, the growth is robust, the initial distribution is uniform and white, and in the later stage, there are bundles of root-like distribution under the ear base, and there are many black scar circles on the surface, there are no other color spots, indicating that the ash bacteria grow well.

The mycelium of Tremella fuciformis goes deep into the culture medium, and there is a thick layer of Tremella mycelium under the ear base, and the color of sawdust becomes lighter, indicating that the mycelium has strong decomposing power.

The proportion of Tremella mycelium and ash mycelium was moderate, and large white hairs were formed on the surface of the culture medium. The white hair mass grows vigorously and the ear base is large, which shows that the bacteria age is small and the vitality is strong, which is suitable for wood section cultivation; if the white hair mass is very small or many, or the fruiting body appears quickly in the bottle, it shows that the expansion times is too much and the bacteria age is too large; if the white hair mass is easy to gelatinize into small fungus, it shows that the strain is close to physiological maturity and should be cultivated with substitute materials.

If the Botrytis cinerea is sparse and does not go deep into the culture material, the fruiting body is in the shape of micelles or spines, and does not open, which means that the medium is too wet or too solid. If there is a feathery ash fungus and no white hair mass, it must be like a Tremella yeast-like conidia before it can be used, otherwise it cannot be used. If the upper half of the mycelium is sparse or disappears, the lower half of the mycelium grows normally, and the ear base becomes reddish, producing a large amount of reddish-brown liquid, mostly due to mite damage. If the white flocculent bacterial membrane is found, it will be contaminated by miscellaneous bacteria and can not be used.

Mushroom strain

The hyphae of excellent mushroom strains are grayish white, dense, fluffy, fine velvet, uniform inside and outside, high temperature resistance, disease and insect resistance, fast feeding and no fan variation. The hyphae of creeping bacteria showed fine fluffy distribution, and there was no yellow-white integument.

The hyphae in the culture material were thick cord-shaped or thin line-shaped, light yellow. The mycelium is withered and shrunk, the growth is weak, or there is a very thick yellow-white quilt above, which are all aging bacteria.

Strains that produce green, yellow, black or orange-red spores must be eliminated and burned. The upper mycelium of the medium shrank and deteriorated, and the lower mycelium grew well, which indicated that the culture medium was too dry and the culture temperature was too high. If the mycelium can hardly be seen in the culture material, and the content is mushy, it means that the temperature is too high and the strain is too old to use.

Hericium Erinaceus strain

Excellent hericium Erinaceus, the mycelium is white, dense, sturdy, and grows uniformly inside and outside. It is easy to form fruiting bodies on the culture materials.

If the mycelium shrinks or yellow mucus accumulates at the bottom of the bottle, it is an aging strain and cannot be used. The growth of mycelium is slow, weak and slender, which may be due to insufficient acidity of culture material or lack of organic nitrogen. The amount of wheat bran or fine rice bran should be increased in the culture material to improve the nutritional conditions of bacteria. Strains contaminated by miscellaneous bacteria cannot be used.

Pleurotus ostreatus strain

Excellent Pleurotus ostreatus strains, mycelium white, stout, dense, mycelium growth uniform, neat, coarse wool-like, strong wall climbing. After about half a month of culture, a small amount of coral-like mushroom buds or white primordia can be formed in the bottle wall.

Most varieties form villous aerial hyphae on the surface above the culture medium, and the aerial hyphae of low-temperature varieties often secrete yellowish-brown pigment, especially in high-temperature season, low-temperature varieties often appear reddish-brown or yellowish-brown aerial hyphae or yellow water, which is a normal phenomenon.

If there are a large number of coral fruiting bodies above the culture medium or fruiting bodies from the gap in the bottle cap, it means that the bacteria age is too old and should be used as soon as possible. If the culture medium shrinks and yellow water accumulates at the bottom of the bottle, the aging bacteria can not be used. The upper mycelium is sparse, gray, weak and withered, and the lower mycelium is normal, indicating that the initial culture temperature is too high, poor ventilation, or bacterial contamination. If there are yellow, green and orange, it means that it has been contaminated by Penicillium, Trichoderma and Alternaria and must be eliminated. The mycelium grows about half in the bottle and no longer grows downwards, indicating that the medium is too dry, too wet and too tight, and the normal bacteria can be used in the upper part and no longer be cultured.

Flammulina velutipes strain

The hyphae are flocculent, white, dense, robust and elastic. Sometimes powdery spores can be seen on the surface, which is an excellent strain. If a tough bacterial membrane appears, it can also be used as long as the bacterial membrane is removed. If the strain dries up, the column shrinks or the mycelium melts itself, producing a large amount of reddish-brown liquid, it shows that the living ability of the strain is weak; if there is yellow, it means that the strain is aging.