Occurrence and control of gall mosquitoes in edible fungi

1. Morphological characteristics

Gall midge, also known as small red maggots, mushroom gnats, gall mosquito adults like small mosquitoes, tiny and weak, it is difficult to see with the naked eye. The head, chest and back of the worm are dark brown, and the others are grayish brown or light orange. Larvae can be hatched by eggs or reproduced by maternal larvae. Each female can produce more than 20 larvae on average. The larvae are endangered in the feed at the early stage, resulting in sparse and weak hyphae. Transfer to hyphae and fruiting bodies in the later stage. When the fruiting body was killed, it first propagated at the base of the mushroom stalk, and then climbed up to the junction of the mushroom stalk and the mushroom lid. Some of them drilled into the bacterial folds and were eroded into scars by insects, showing a light orange color. A large number of mushrooms often gather 20 or 30 larvae, which seriously affects the quality and yield of mushrooms.

II. Causes of occurrence

1. When the culture material is not suitable for fermentation, the fermentation is not thorough, the inner and outer heaps are uneven, the fermentation time is too short, and the disinfection fails. Although most of the culture materials were treated by "secondary fermentation", there was a dead corner in the mushroom house in the heating stage, and the temperature was slow or could not meet the requirements.

two。 Mushroom room microclimate discomfort culture material into the mushroom room itself is too wet, in the water transfer, if more water spray, resulting in high humidity in the mushroom room.

3. Many mushroom farmers with poor cultivation environment use old mushroom racks, which are not thoroughly disinfected after the first year's harvest; the water source is not clean and carry disease and insects; gall midges have strong phototaxis and are easy to fly into the vicinity of mushroom houses to breed; they are poorly ventilated; and they use tools with diseases and insects to transmit pollution.

III. Prevention and control measures

1. Site selection and mushroom room disinfection mushroom production site must choose dry terrain, near water source and clean place. If a mushroom bed is built in the house, the room disinfection should be strengthened. Fumigate with sulfur and dichlorvos 1 ∶ 1 and resteam repeatedly every 5 days. If you use the old mushroom frame bamboo and wood, first soak in water for several days, drain, bask in the sun, and move into the mushroom room to fumigate together. Or soak and disinfect with 2% pentachlorophenol sodium solution, which has a good effect.

two。 To improve the environmental hygiene inside and outside the mushroom farm, it is necessary to remove the waste, dirt and decay in time, and regularly spray disinfection insecticides, such as dichlorvos, etc. The installation of screen doors and windows in the mushroom room and the use of yellow sticky fly tape can effectively prevent the insect source from entering the mushroom and control the external adults from entering the mushroom farm.

3. The culture material must be "secondary fermentation". In the process of pre-fermentation, the material should be turned evenly and the water content of the culture material should be controlled. In post-fermentation, attention should be paid to the temperature and time of heating and temperature control stage in order to achieve the purpose of "secondary fermentation". Before the start of post-fermentation, disinfect the used or ready-to-use tools into the room to prevent the contamination of diseases, insects and bacteria.

4. After inoculation, double-layer books and newspapers should be used to seal the bag with ring sealing paper. in the process of handling, the sealing paper should be prevented from falling off, and be careful to handle it gently to avoid the break of the bag. If you find a break or puncture in the bag, you should immediately stick it with viscose tape to avoid the harm of pests laying eggs at the break.

5. In order to control the temperature and humidity of the mushroom room, it is often encountered in the early stage that the temperature rises on the high side. It is necessary to open the door and window in time, spray water into the floor and space of the mushroom room, do a good job of ventilation and ventilation in the mushroom room, and adjust the suitable temperature and humidity for the growth of mushroom. Prevent the temperature and humidity in the room from rising.

6. When the chemical control culture material is turned over, spraying the material with 1 ∶ 90% trichlorfon or 50% malathion emulsion can effectively prevent the occurrence of pests. It can also spray the bed surface when insect pests occur. It can be fumigated with a mixture of formaldehyde and dichlorvos 1 ∶ 1 10 ml / m3, or sprayed with 50% phoxim emulsion 1 ∶ 800 × 1000 times.