A New Edible Mushroom Variety Huang Umbrella and its High-quality and High-yield cultivation techniques

Pholiotaadipose (Fr.) qu é l, also known as yellow mushroom, fat scale umbrella, willow mushroom, etc., belongs to fungal phylum, basidiomycetes, umbrella order, coccidiomycetes family. It generally occurs from August to October when the temperature is getting lower and larger, growing on the trunks of poplar, willow and birch, and sometimes on conifers, solitary to tufted, mostly clustered. The yellow fruiting body is bright in color, golden in color, thick in flesh, crisp and tender in mushroom, and delicious in taste. It is a kind of rare edible fungus for both food and medicine. Its lid has a layer of mucus on the surface, which is reported to be nucleic acid, which can enhance human immunity and inhibit tumor. The inhibition rate on mouse sarcoma Smur180 and Ehrlich ascites cancer reached 80% and 90%. It can also prevent staphylococcal, Escherichia coli, Bacillus pneumoniae and Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.

In recent years, with the continuous improvement of people's living standards, the enhancement of self-health awareness and the continuous improvement of the understanding of the value of edible fungi. People pay more and more attention to the selection of edible fungi and the whole process of production, processing and consumption of edible fungi. Yellow umbrella will gradually become the new favorite of people's consumption and has great potential for development because of its superior quality and high health care value. In recent years, the Research and Development Center of Edible Fungi of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences has obtained pure bacteria from field collection, isolation and culture, and through domestication, culture and cultivation experiments, the biological characteristics and high-quality and high-yield cultivation techniques of yellow umbrella have been preliminarily explored.

1. Morphological characteristics

1. The morphology of mycelium. The hyphae are stout, tapetum-shaped, dense and white, secreting light yellow to orange pigment in the later stage, and the front hyphae form cords.

two。 The shape of fruiting body. Fruiting body solitary or grouped, cap 3-14 cm; initially flat hemispherical, margin involute, then gradually spreading, millet yellow to light withered leaf color; the surface is sticky and slippery when wet, with yellowish brown flat scales or white scales. The fungus is white to yellowish. The folds are light yellow to dark brown, straight or nearly curved, slightly dense. Stalk stout, fibrous, long 5~12cm, diameter 1~3cm, medium solid, upper yellow and lower brown, with small scales. The bacterial ring is yellowish, membranous, upper stalk, easy to fall off. The folds are straight, slightly dense, yellow to brownish brown. A large number of conidia can be released at maturity, the spores are oval and smooth, with a diameter of 7.5 μ m ~ 10 μ m × 5 μ m ~ 6.5 μ m.

Second, the biological characteristics of yellow umbrella.

1. Nutrition. Yellow umbrella belongs to wood-rot fungus. Lignin and cellulose are the main nutrients, glucose is a good carbon source, yeast powder is a good nitrogen source, poor growth on inorganic nitrogen. The participation of inorganic elements and vitamins is needed in the period of mycelium growth and fruiting body development, and there are few trace elements in sawdust, so some trace elements, such as phosphorus, potassium, manganese, zinc, copper and magnesium, are properly supplemented during the mushroom emergence period. its content is 0.01% 0.2%. Cottonseed hull, miscellaneous sawdust, willow shavings, corncob and wheat bran can be used as the main raw materials for artificial cultivation.

two。 Temperature. Yellow umbrella belongs to medium and low temperature type fungi. The growth temperature of mycelium was 8: 32 ℃, and the optimum temperature was 20: 25 ℃. The growth temperature of fruiting body is 1225 ℃. The optimum temperature is 15-20 ℃. The temperature difference of 5-10 ℃ is needed during fruiting body differentiation, so it is easier to form and grow mushroom body when cultivated in early spring and late autumn.

3. Humidity. It is appropriate to control the moisture content of the culture medium at 60%-65% during the culture period. When mixing, the ratio of material to water is about 1 ∶ 1.2, and the air humidity in the mushroom room during the mushroom production period is adjusted to 85% and 90%.

4. Air. Yellow umbrella needs oxygen during both mycelial growth and mushroom body formation. In the inoculation period, there should be a vent, and in the mushroom stage, the mushroom room should be ventilated every day, otherwise the mushroom stalk will be elongated and the mushroom cover will be thin and deformed. However, before opening the bag, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the bag could stimulate the formation of primordium, and then open the bag to produce mushroom after the formation of primordium, the mushroom body formed faster.

5. Light. Mycelium growth can be carried out in the dark, but scattered light is needed in the stage of primordium formation, and proper scattered light is also needed in the mushroom room.

6. Acidity and alkalinity. Yellow umbrella can grow well in slightly acidic environment, and the suitable range of pH is 4: 7, and pH5.5~6.5 is more suitable.

3. Culture of Pholiota adiposa strain

1. The preparation of mother seed. Mother culture medium: potato 200g, glucose 20g, malt extract 2g, magnesium sulfate 0.2g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.25g, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 0.25g, VB1,0.5mg, Agar powder 15g, water 1000ml natural pH.

The time for mycelium to grow over the slope in test tube culture is generally about 10 days.

two。 Culture of original species and cultivated species. The original seed and cultivated seed can use wheat seed or cottonseed hull as the main raw material.

Preparation of wheat seed medium: soak the wheat grain in clean water for 12 hours before use, boil the soaked wheat grain in 100 ℃ boiling water for 20 minutes for 30 minutes until the seed coat is not broken and there is no white heart in the seed. When the temperature drops to 30: 40 ℃, add 1% / 2% gypsum and lime, mix well and pack the bag.

Production of cottonseed skin culture medium: the raw material formula is cottonseed husk 78%, wheat bran 20%, gypsum 1%, gypsum 1%, lime 1% or cottonseed skin 75%, wheat bran 20%, lime 1%, gypsum 1%, sucrose 2%, urea 1%. Sterilization method: small high pressure sterilizer keeps pressure 1.4kg/ square centimeter, sterilization for 60 minutes; or large sterilizer keeps pressure 1.2kg/ square centimeter, sterilization for 120 minutes.

Original seed culture: the control temperature is 23-25 ℃, the temperature is suitable, the mycelium production speed is fast, robust and uniform, which is beneficial to the cultivation of mushroom. Mycelium should be used as soon as possible, generally stored at room temperature for no more than 7 days, stored at low temperature for no more than 15 days, expired bacteria can not be used as cultivated species.

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