Six key techniques for pollution-free production of Edible Fungi

I. improving the ecological environment

The cultivation site should be close to the water source, smooth air, wide around, far away from livestock farms, breweries, living areas and hospitals at least 1500 meters to take measures such as turning soil, tanning, irrigation and other measures to replace pesticides for disinfection. The water quality of the source is clean and free from pollution. It is strictly forbidden to spray mushrooms and soak in sewage. The abandoned materials of mushroom root, dead mushroom, insect mushroom and culture medium shall not be stored inside and outside the cultivation and processing facilities.

Second, rational selection of raw materials

In strict accordance with the new requirements of WTO/SPS plant disease, there should be no mildew and pesticide residues in the cotton husk, wheat straw, corncob, bean cake and other cultivation materials. No chemical fertilizers, agricultural contracts and growth hormone substances shall be added when preparing the culture materials. Ingredients, cultivation and management water should be clean, and no pollution covering materials should be selected from the barren slope underground soil without pesticide and chemical fertilizer pollution, which should be used after sun exposure. Livestock and poultry manure in the cultivation formula of dung grass fungus requires livestock and poultry to be kept free of hormones, antibiotics and chemical products.

III. Advocating biological control

Plant fungicides and plant pesticides can be used in the preparation of culture materials, such as perilla, pyrethrum, ester pesticides, woody oil plant rapeseed cake, etc., which can be made into plant pesticides to kill insects and control mites. Pleurotus ostreatus can also be used to control insects, and strict control should be made in all aspects of strain selection, culture material ratio, material fermentation, inoculation and mushroom management, strengthen mycelium and fruiting body, and enhance their own ability of disease resistance and damage resistance. Can also be adopted with specific mushroom rotation, intercropping and other models, such as bamboo shoot has a strong fragrance, mosquitoes smell and fear, the use of mushroom, sun rotation is also good for insect control.

4. carry out physical sterilization and pest control

Inoculation room, bacteria room, super clean workbench, etc., using 30 watt ultraviolet lamp or electronic ozone generator for disinfection and sterilization. The cultivation room uses black light or install armyworm board to trap and kill mushroom mosquitoes, flies, leafhoppers and other insects. The doors and windows of mushroom house (shed) are equipped with insect-proof net, screen window and so on. For the disinfection of raw materials, tools and facilities for cultivation and processing, pasteurization should be selected and the temperature should be maintained at 60 ℃ for 10 hours with steam, and chemical drugs such as formaldehyde, Lesu, sulfur and so on should not be used.

V. strict and scientific use of drugs

Adhere to top prevention, when it is necessary to use chemical pesticides, we must choose high-efficiency, low-toxic, low-residue agents. Such as trichlorfon, phoxim, propargite, Ruijingshou, methyl topiramate, metalaxyl, etc., use medicine without mushroom or after each batch of mushroom harvest, and pay attention to a small amount, local use, to prevent the expansion of pollution. It is strictly forbidden to spray pesticides during the mushroom production period, and it is forbidden to use all mercury pesticides such as methamidophos, methyl 1605, 1059, monocrotophos, dimethoate, dimethoate and other pesticides with high toxicity and residues in the mushroom production process.

VI. The processing of the products meets the standards.

Edible mushroom products often do not meet the relevant standards due to improper processing process, such as excessive sulfur content. Therefore, scientific and correct processing flow and operation system must be established and advanced machinery and equipment with good precision must be established for processing. The packaging of mushroom products must conform to the national hygienic standards, namely, the hygienic standards for dried edible fungi, fresh edible fungi and food packaging.