Maintenance and Management of large Seedling Transplantation of Spruce

The transplantation and regeneration ability of spruce seedlings over 40 years old is weak, so it is especially important to maintain and manage the transplanted spruce seedlings in order to ensure their survival.

With the continuous improvement of the grade of urban construction, the scale and grade of urban greening and beautification are also improved, which needs to reflect the effect of greening and beautification in a short time, so it is necessary to transplant a considerable number of tall trees. As the largest larch timber forest base in North China, Hebei Saihanba Mechanical Forest Farm, shouldering the mission of wind prevention, sand fixation and water conservation, has provided a large number of green seedlings for Beijing and Tianjin for many years, especially spruce as the main tree species. Based on the summary of many years' management experience and practice, the author only puts forward the following suggestions on the maintenance and management of large spruce seedling transplantation.

The metabolic balance of water in the tree should be maintained in the transplanting of large spruce seedlings.

First, the above ground part moisturizes

Wrap dry: tightly wrap the trunk and sturdy branches with grass rope, bushy bag, moss and other materials. The above wrapping material has certain moisture retention and heat preservation properties. After dry treatment, one can avoid the direct light and dry wind, and reduce the water evaporation of the trunk and branches; second, it can store a certain amount of water to keep the branches moist; third, it can adjust the temperature of the branches and reduce the damage of high and low temperature to the branches.

Water spraying: the aboveground part of the tree (especially the foliage) is easy to lose water due to transpiration, so it is necessary to spray water in time to moisturize. Water spraying requires fine and uniform spraying to all parts of the ground and the surrounding space to provide a humid microclimate for the trees. A high-pressure water gun can be used to spray, or the water supply pipe can be installed above the crown, and one or more fine-hole nozzles can be installed according to the size of the crown, which has a better effect, but it is more labor-consuming and material-consuming.

Shading: in the early stage of transplanting large spruce seedlings or in the high temperature and dry season, a shading shed should be built to reduce the temperature in the shed and reduce the water evaporation of the trees. In the areas of row, piece by piece planting and high density, it is suitable to build a greenhouse, save materials and facilitate management, and solitary planting trees should be made according to each tree. It is required that the canopy be shaded by the full crown, and keep about 50 cm away from the canopy above and around the canopy to ensure that there is a certain air flow space in the canopy and prevent the crown from sunburn. The shade is about 70%, which allows the tree to receive a certain amount of scattered light to ensure the photosynthesis of the tree. In the future, according to the growth of trees and seasonal changes, gradually remove the shade.

Promoting the development of new roots

(1) Water control

Strictly control the amount of water irrigated by the soil. The transplant should be watered thoroughly for the first time, and should be watered carefully depending on the weather and soil texture.

Prevent stagnant water in tree pits. Watering holes left during planting should be filled up or slightly higher than the surrounding ground after the first watering, so as to prevent water accumulation during rain or watering. At the same time, in low-lying areas where water is easy to accumulate, drainage ditches should be opened to ensure timely drainage on rainy days.

Protect the new buds. The germination of new buds is the symbol of physiological activities of spruce and the hope of spruce survival. More importantly, the germination of the aboveground part of the tree has a natural and effective stimulating effect on the root system, which can promote the root germination. At the same time, after sprouting, the maintenance work such as water spraying, shading, disease prevention and pest control should be especially strengthened to ensure the normal growth of buds and shoots.

Soil aeration. It is necessary to do a good job of ploughing and loosening the soil to prevent soil consolidation. Always check the soil aeration facilities. If it is found that the ventilation facilities are blocked or stagnant water should be removed in time in order to maintain good ventilation performance.

(2) Tree protection

Support: the tree attracts the wind. Spruce seedlings should be supported and fixed immediately after transplanting to prevent dumping. The positive triangular pile is the most conducive to the stability of the tree, and the supporting point is about 2 to 3 of the tree height, and a protective layer is added to prevent skin injury.

Pest control: adhere to prevention and control, according to the characteristics of tree species and the law of occurrence and development of diseases and insect pests, check frequently, do a good job of prevention. Once the disease occurs, it is necessary to prescribe the right medicine and prevent it in time.

Fertilization: fertilization is beneficial to the restoration of tree potential. At the initial stage of transplanting large spruce seedlings, the root system has low fertilizer absorption, so it is appropriate to use extra-root topdressing, usually once every half a month. The fertilizer solution with a concentration of 0.5% to 1% was prepared with urea, ammonium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and other quick-acting fertilizers, and foliar spraying was carried out in the morning and evening or in cloudy days, and should be sprayed again in case of rainfall. After root germination, soil fertilization can be carried out, requiring frequent application of thin fertilizer to prevent root injury.

Anti-freezing: the shoots and roots of newly planted spruce seedlings germinate late, the annual growth cycle is short, and less nutrients are accumulated, so the tissue is not abundant and is vulnerable to low temperature, so anti-freezing and heat preservation should be done well.

After autumn, it is necessary to control nitrogen fertilizer, increase phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and gradually prolong the light time and increase the light intensity, so as to improve the Lignification degree of the tree and improve its cold resistance.

Because of the differences in environmental conditions, seasons and trees, the maintenance methods and key points of newly planted spruce seedlings should be used flexibly according to time, place and trees in order to achieve the desired results.