snow mold of spruce
Spruce snow mildew is mainly distributed in some countries north of 40 degrees north latitude, endangering willow, fir, spruce and other tree species. The disease is only found on spruce in our country.
Symptoms: after the whole aboveground plant and needles were infected under snow, the mycelium was covered with grayish brown mycelium, or the mycelium invaded into the host, causing mildew and suffocation of the trees. In mild cases, the mycelium is cotton floc-like, and in severe cases, it is felt-shaped, and its color is brown in the early stage, white and grayish brown when melting snow. When the disease was mild, the disease was distributed in lumps. In serious cases, the trees fall in rows. After melting snow, the diseased leaves fall off, the stem bark tissue of the trees fester, and the trees gradually die.
The pathogens were Botrytis cinerea (BotrytiscinereaPers.), Sclerotiniadsclerotiorum (Lib.) deBary and Truncatellasp.
The regularity of the disease: early winter and early spring are the main onset periods, and spread rapidly in early spring. The common characteristics of Botrytis cinerea and other three pathogens are as follows: the growth rate increases with the increase of temperature from 0 to 22 ℃, extremely slow and stagnant when the temperature is above 28 degrees Celsius, and the vegetative growth is exuberant below 22 ℃. Mature sclerotia, generally without dormancy. The pathogen is a weak parasite, which will aggravate the disease when trees suffer frostbite, burns and other natural and man-made injuries, as well as lack of light, poor drainage and extensive management.
Prevention and treatment: ① strengthen tree management, reasonable close planting, improve the disease resistance of seedlings. Before the snow cover in the early winter of ②, spray 20% trimethoprim EC, 20% methyl thiophanate, 25% carbendazim or 40% polysulfide mixture for prevention and control.
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Leaf rust of spruce
Spruce leaf rust is distributed in Sichuan, Yunnan, Gansu, Qinghai, Taiwan and other places. The disease harms Lijiang spruce, scaly spruce, coarse spruce, oil wheat spruce, Linzhi spruce, snow spruce and Siberian spruce. Symptoms: the young buds are susceptible, the needles on the newly growing shoots turn yellow or orange, short and thick, and the diseased leaves produce orange cushion-like winter spores or blister-like spores, the diseased buds look like a yellow flower, and soon the diseased leaves turn black and die. The susceptible 2-year-old leaves turn yellow locally, producing blister-shaped spores, or orange-yellow cushions.
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Rust of spruce
Spruce rust is only distributed in Tianshan area. The incidence of the disease is high, but there are few diseased cones. The susceptible cones no longer grow and die quickly. Symptoms: the disease harms the scales of male and female cones. The susceptible female cone is thin and small, curved, the scales open, the scales become lanceolate, and the cones turn yellow and no longer grow. A pile of teliospores with small yellow scales and orange-red projections. The pathogen is Chrysomyxadeformans (Diet.) Jacz.
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