Techniques of Spruce Seedling

Spruce is a spruce genus of Pinaceae, evergreen trees, up to 30 meters high, is the main tree species in the mountain forest of our region. Spruce wood is light, soft and meticulous, which can be used for construction, furniture, papermaking and other materials, as well as ornamental trees.

I. Cuttage seedling

Cutting time should be in the early spring after the new shoots, cut 15 cm long cuttings, cutting in the plastic greenhouse. In order to increase the ground temperature, horse dung can be padded under the bed to maintain the ground temperature of 25-35 ℃. The humidity is about 90%. The plastic shed should be tightly covered and should not be opened frequently so as not to lower the temperature. When cutting seedlings were dipped in 1000 μ g / g indolebutyric acid and ABT rooting powder No. 1, the rooting effect was better.

2. Sowing and raising seedlings

1. Make a bed

Select a good sowing land, require flat terrain, good drainage, the soil should not be too alkaline or too sticky, every 667m2 mixed with 250kg of sand, 5000 kg of peat, 5000 kg of mature farm manure, spread evenly to change the soil, level the land, pull rope sowing bed or cross sowing ridges, the bed is 15-20cm high above the ground, 1.1m wide, 10-20m long, leaving a trail ditch between the two beds.

two。 Disinfection

The sowing land can only be used after comprehensive disinfection and disinfestation.

3. Deal with

The purpose of seed treatment is to shorten the dormancy period, promote rapid germination, and make the seedlings strong. Spruce seeds are mostly frozen at low temperature to promote post-ripening and break dormancy. Low temperature requires 5-10 ℃, or put outdoor natural freezing; maintain a certain degree of humidity and ventilation. There are many methods of freezing treatment: after ① snows, soak the seeds in snow water for 2-3 days, then remove and pile them with 3 times snow, which is called mixed snow burial method, put in a cool place after spring snow, cover grass spray to moisturize, suitable for early sowing. ② put the seeds in baskets or bags into rivers, lakes and wells for winter, and then sow them in spring after geochemistry. Soak the seeds in 40 ℃ water for 1 day, change water for 3-7 days, change water every day, pack straw bags or mix sand into outdoor cool and ventilated places, naturally freeze or put them in the freezer, keep the seeds in a state of low temperature, spray water and turn over with the increase of temperature in the next spring, and sow early in time. ③ autumn sowing also adopts the method of low temperature treatment. Preferably more than 100 days.

It is easy to freeze to death when sowing early in autumn; if the seed is buried in snow, it is easy to die if it is too wet after melting snow. The seeds were taken out about a week before the sowing season, mixed with wet sand, germinated at a room temperature of about 15 ℃ for 4-5 days, watered when the sand was dry, and turned 1-2 times a day.

4. Sowing seeds

The method of sowing without covering soil was adopted. First, do a good job of the nursery bed according to the requirements, and do not hit the bottom water to cuddle with a rake on the wet bed surface to form a flat and uniform strip concave and convex surface. In order to facilitate sowing, before sowing, mix the sand mixture with an appropriate amount of dry sand and stir it evenly before sowing. When sowing, do with sowing, with suppression (wood rolling), curtain and watering, so that the seeds are in close contact with the soil. Before the seedlings come out, water them frequently and keep the bed moist. Generally, the seedlings will emerge 8 days after sowing, and 80% of the seedlings will emerge in 15-20 days.

III. Seedling stage management

When the emergence of seedlings reaches more than 60%, remove the Reed curtain, so that the seedlings are all exposed to light, and if there is no high temperature and drought, all-light seedlings are carried out to make the seedlings sturdy, well-developed roots and strong disaster resistance. In order to prevent frost damage caused by late frost, water is watered before the arrival of cold air to increase the heat capacity of the soil. If the freezing injury occurs, it can be watered before the sun comes out, so that the seedlings form icicles, and then gradually melt, the freezing injury can be lifted.

In the seedling growth period, in line with the principle of "a small number of times", regular and quantitative watering, especially in the dry climate, can not be watered "horse racing water". Mechanical watering should use high pressure, fine sprinkler and fast valve to prevent water from washing seedlings. After the seedlings come out, loosen the soil and weed in time to avoid weeds competing for water and fertilizer and promote the growth of seedlings. To prevent sunburn, when the surface temperature reaches 36 ℃, water immediately to cool down.

IV. Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests

The methods of regulating the ecological environment and restricting the spread of diseases and insect pests are adopted. in addition to seed disinfection, the invasive diseases are solved by regulating ecological factors such as water, fertilizer, gas, heat, light and so on, so as to prevent chemical agents from polluting the environment and promote the seedlings to develop well and have a strong ability to resist diseases and insect pests.