Pruning and management techniques of cut rose

In order to ensure the high quality and high yield of cut rose, the cutting seedlings are generally changed for 3-4 years, and the grafted seedlings are replaced every 5-6 years. In recent years, the planting of cut rose varieties has been accelerated with the change of popular varieties in the market. There were differences in leaf shape, axillary bud shape, axillary bud growth rate and flower pattern among different varieties of rose branches. The buds at the top of the branches first developed into flower buds and bloomed, and there were 1-6 axillary buds under the flowers, which produced new branches and grew in turn to form flower buds and bloom; the quality of flower branches formed by the axillary buds at the base and middle of the branches had little difference, but the flowering time from the middle to the base of the flower branches was prolonged in turn, which can be pruned according to these characteristics to adjust the flowering period. Cut rose flowers have the habit of blooming continuously, and most of the newly drawn branches can blossom at the top. Only the branches with insufficient supply of temperature, light, nutrients and water will not blossom and form breeding branches. In the suitable temperature range of growth and development, the number of Corolla and petals decreased with the increase of temperature, and the quality of cut flowers decreased; on the contrary, when the temperature decreased to the suitable range, the number of Corolla and petals increased and the quality of cut flowers increased.

The pruning of cut rose mainly adopts the methods of folding and pruning. According to the branching levels of cut rose plants, cut rose plants are divided into first, second and third grades (or first, second and third branches). After the seedling plant breaks its branches, the foot buds from the base of the plant are called primary branches, the branches from primary branches are called secondary branches, and the branches from secondary branches are called tertiary branches. According to the function and use of cut rose plant branch, it is divided into cut flower branch and vegetative branch. The branch that is about to cultivate the cut flower is called the cut flower branch, and the branch which is used as the nutrition after the broken branch treatment on the rose cut flower plant is called the nutrition branch. The high-yield plant type of high-quality cut rose has 4-5 cut flower branches, 5-6 uniform and full vegetative branches, and the plant type height is 50-60 cm. According to the plant type structure of high yield and high quality cut flowers, the plant type was cultivated step by step, and the reasonable structure of plant type was maintained. The cultivation techniques are as follows:

(1) folding: the pressing rope (wire or nylon wire) is 25cm from the seedling and is tightened and fixed with iron or wooden posts on both sides of the planting bed. Press all the branches that are used as nutritive branches under the pressure rope. Shoot off all the flower heads at the seedling stage, keep the leaves, press the branches down when the branch length is 40cm to 50cm, be careful not to break the branches. The newly germinated branches are pressed as vegetative branches, and the branches from the vegetative branches continue to press. When pressing branches, it should be noted that the plants and branches should not cross each other, and the number of broken branches should be covered with the border surface, so that the leaves can get sufficient light. Folding branches can be carried out all the year round or in the morning and evening, and it is a regular work. Generally, the branch is brittle in the morning, and it is easy to break when pressing the branch. Try to make it crack constantly. In the operation of folding branches, one hand should grasp the parts of the branches that need to be folded, and the other hand should be twisted downward to press the branches under the pressure rope. For thick branches, the branches can be twisted 10 cm away from the root and then pressed down. Pay attention to the operation of both hands when twisting to avoid breaking the branches.

(2) pressing branch: the culture method of flowering plant at seedling stage is mainly branch pressing, which is beneficial to the rapid culture of cut flower plant type. When the branch is 40cm to 50cm high, it can be pressed down and all the flower heads are removed, and the new branches continue to be pressed from the branches. After pressing the branches, the plant will quickly grow foot buds, and the stout foot buds can be used as cut flower branches, or 4 or 6 leaves can be left short after the foot buds appear as cut flower mother branches; thin foot buds continue to press branches for nutrition.

(3) Plant type culture at early flowering stage: after the cultivation of flowering plants at seedling stage, some plants began to harvest cut flowers, and most of them sent out a large number of new shoots. The culture method of plant type, that is, the culture of all levels of branches, leaving 25 cm 30 cm (4 cm 5 leaflets) to the sturdy foot buds and culturing into the first grade branches of the plant, the sturdy ones can be used as cut flowers and the thin ones can be pressed as nutritive branches; the cut flower branches sprouting from the first grade branches will be kept 10 cm 15 cm (1 cm 2 5 leaflets) high cut when picking flowers and cultured as secondary branches. For the branches from the secondary branches, the strong ones can be used as cut flower branches, and the weak ones can be pressed as vegetative branches, leaving 5~l0 cm (1 to 2 leaves) high shearing after picking flowers, and cultured into third-grade branches; the general cut rose varieties can achieve high-yield and high-quality plant type by plant culture, and some cut rose varieties can be formed by secondary branches. It is very important to keep the height of branches at all levels during plant type culture. they are closely related to the yield and quality of cut flowers. generally, the stronger the branches are, the higher the retained branches are, the more branches are produced after cutting, and the more branches reach the cut flower standard; on the contrary, the weaker the branches are, the shorter the retained branches are, the less the cut branches are, and the fewer branches reach the cut flower standard. If the branch is too high and the branch is too much, it will cause the phenomenon of high yield and low quality; on the contrary, if the branch is too low, the yield is also low. When there are too many vegetative branches, the bottom branches or branches with diseases and insect pests should be phased out. New foot buds are issued every year, and the old aging main branches should be eliminated during the gradual rise of new foot buds.

(4) pruning during flowering period: in order to ensure the quality and yield of export rose cut flowers, folded branches and cut flower branches are selected according to a certain proportion during the flowering period. generally, there are 3-5 main branches of cut flowers, 5-6 uniform and full vegetative branches, and a plant type height of 50-60 cm. The cultivation of plant type in winter is very important. Generally, the plant height will be gradually increased from October every year to form more flower-producing branches. After the flower cutting on Valentine's Day, the plant will be retracted and trimmed to the normal cut flower height of 50cm and 60cm. In the flowering period, it is necessary to constantly fold and cultivate new vegetative branches, and be careful not to break the vegetative branches and cut off the intersecting and overdense branches. After each cut flower peak, properly pruning and finishing, the new branches from the vegetative branches will leave some of them to produce flowers in winter, and the rest will be pressed as vegetative branches. Diseased, insect, withered, old and weak branches should be cut off in time, and the lateral buds and buds on the cut flower branches should be erased in time. After the end of flower production on Valentine's Day in spring, cut off some of the aging main branches and pay attention to the cultivation of foot buds from the base to be reserved as new flower-producing main branches.