Cultivation and Management of cut Rose

Rose, colorful, elegant aroma, has always been loved by people. The cultivation of fresh cut rose in solar greenhouse can supply the market all the year round, which can be regarded as another new way for farmers to get rich.

First, grafting and propagation. Wild rose or special rootstock varieties were used as rootstocks and grafted by grafting or bud grafting. The rootstocks were sown in early April and transplanted in April of the following year. The nursery bed should choose fertile and loose sandy soil with a row spacing of 20 cm × 80 cm, budding in June and planting in the third spring.

Second, prepare the soil. To select fertile, loose, rich in organic matter, well-drained sandy loam, with fully mature livestock manure as the base fertilizer, 45000 kg ~ 60000 kg per hectare, and then carry out soil disinfection. The method is as follows: methyl bromide, 10 kg for every 100 square meters, covering the soil with plastic film for more than a week after treatment; cyanide, 7.5 litres for every 100 square meters, covering with plastic film for more than two weeks after treatment; dripping agent, 2.8 liters for every 100 square meters, after treatment, cover with film for more than two weeks.

Third, scientific planting. The border planting method was adopted. The width of the border is 1 meter, the height is 10 cm ~ 15 cm, two rows are planted on each border, the large row spacing is 90 cm ~ 100 cm, the small row spacing is 30 cm, the plant spacing is 20 cm, the density is 6 ~ 8 plants per square meter, and the width of the walkway between borders is 20 cm ~ 30 cm.

Fourth, adjust the temperature and humidity. For cultivation in solar greenhouse, the daytime temperature should be 20 ℃ ~ 25 ℃, the highest temperature should not exceed 28 ℃, the night temperature should be kept at 12 ℃ ~ 15 ℃, and the relative humidity should be 65% ~ 75%. Pay attention to ventilation.

Fifth, rational fertilization. Rose like fertilizer, can be under the root topdressing, can also be foliar spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate, urea, Gaomeishi, ferrous sulfate foliar fertilizer and so on. Give less, give diligently. Generally, liquid fertilizer is applied every 10 days, and compound fertilizer is applied in winter.

6. Water management. Dry water and wet drainage. Spring seedlings should be watered and loosened after planting, and should be watered at the right time depending on the situation. The soil temperature is high in summer, so watering should be carried out after 5 pm. Rose is resistant to drought and afraid of stagnant water. when there is heavy rainfall, we should pay attention to drainage and often weed and loosen the soil.

Seventh, trim and pick the heart. 1. Trim. The rose should be pruned before planting and the buds should be removed in time after planting. When 3 ~ 5 strong branches grow, they begin to pick flowers. After that, the branches should be trimmed 3 ~ 5 times a year, and the branches should be arranged at any time, leaving 2 ~ 4 buds on each branch. Leave 1 cm on the bud when cutting, and cut diagonally to the other side of the branch. The cut should be smooth. There are two kinds of pruning: one is low pruning, that is, only two buds are left upward from the base of the branch, and the upper branch is cut off. This pruning method produces long and thick branches, large buds and good quality. Second, high pruning, more buds left in the lower part of the branches, more new branches and flowers, but short branches, small buds and poor quality. The above two pruning methods, used alternately in production, can control the plant height and make the rose maintain a longer growth cycle and higher production capacity. The grafted seedlings are renewed every 8 years or so. two。 Pick the heart. When the new shoot grows to 15 cm ~ 20 cm, the top is removed about 3 cm, so as to promote the growth of lateral buds into lateral branches, and the coring is still needed for about 2 times to a certain length, until the number of main branches and lateral branches of the whole plant is enough to produce a large number of flowers. The purpose of heart picking is to adjust the plant shape at the initial stage and to control the flowering period after flowering. When the diameter of the flower bud reaches 10 mm ~ 13 mm, the place where the top of the branch reaches the second leaf can promote the florescence for about 7 days.

8. Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests. Ventilation reduces the incidence, eliminates the burning of virus branches, and can eliminate and reduce the virus in the body through high temperature for 4 weeks. The common diseases of rose are black spot, powdery mildew, rust, etc., which can be controlled by 80% mancozeb wettable powder or 50% benzoate wettable powder. 1000 times of fenitrothion can be used to control aphids, thrips, leaf rollers, beetles and other pests.

9. Flower picking and grading. Rose should be cut when the temperature is low and the humidity is high. Generally, flowers are collected about 10 months after planting and are harvested when the buds bloom slightly (about 2 days before flowering). Cut branches should have 5 Internode spacing or longer length. Immediately after harvest, it should be inserted into the water and transported back to the workshop for classification, and every 10 branches should be tied into a bundle. Grading standard: the first grade branch is 55 cm ~ 60 cm long and the flowers are neat; the second grade is 45 cm ~ 54 cm; the third grade is 35 cm ~ 44 cm; the foreign product is less than 35 cm. After packing in cellophane, cut the branches and insert them into the water.

Keep fresh and store. Cut rose flowers have a short shelf life and can not bear long-distance transportation. Treated with octahydroxyquinoline sulfate and stored in a cold storage of 3 ℃ ~ 4 ℃, it can be kept fresh for 3 days. If the rose is not listed on the market after harvesting, it needs long-term storage and can be stored in a sealed cold storage with 1% oxygen, 5% carbon dioxide and 0 ℃ ~ 1 ℃, which can be kept fresh for 20 ~ 30 days.