Modern cultivation of cut rose flowers

Rose is Rosaceae, a shrub plant, and chrysanthemum, carnation, gladiolus are known as the world's four largest fresh cut flowers, is one of the largest market sales of fresh cut flowers. Modern rose is deeply loved by people because of its rich color, rich pattern, rich fragrance and annual flowering.

1. Variety

At present, there are 16 common modern roses.

Red Cardinal, Red Chenggong, Samantha, Marina, etc.

Peach is Miss Donna, heroine, Sonia, Flamingo, Bellamy, etc.

Yellow is a gold badge, gold medal, golden age, etc.

White success, Athena, Tannick, etc.

Other strains go camping.

As red roses are mostly needed in the market, the number of red and yellow and other colors is usually higher than 3:1:1.

2. Requirements for environmental conditions

Rose likes to be sunny, leeward and ventilated, and needs to receive more than 5-8 hours of direct sunlight every day in order to grow well. The optimum temperature is 18-25 ℃ during the day and 15.5-16.5 ℃ at night. Although it can survive at a high temperature of more than 35 ℃, it is prone to disease. The most suitable relative humidity for growth is 75% Mel 80%. If the relative humidity is too high, it is easy to produce black spot and white mildew. The soil requires good drainage, aeration, loam with aggregate structure, PH value 6-7.

3. Reproduction and cultivation

(1) Propagation: cutting and grafting propagation are generally used in cut rose.

① cuttage propagation: softwood cuttings cut semi-mature branches after flowering in June-July, every 3 buds into a segment; flower cuttings cut mature branches in September-October, every 3-4 buds into a segment. Keep 2 leaflets at the top of the cuttings, quickly dip the base with 400mg / kg indolebutyric acid (IBA), the cutting depth is 2cm, buckle the plastic arch shed after cutting, and shade the greenhouse with grass curtain or sunshade net. Keep the bed temperature about 20 ℃ and the temperature about 15 ℃. About 25 days after insertion, the shade was gradually removed according to the rooting situation, and the ventilation was increased moderately, and the small arch shed could be removed about 35 days after insertion.

② grafting propagation: rootstocks are mostly used for cutting seedlings or seedlings of wild roses. Bud grafting is carried out from July to August, one day before grafting, take full branches after anthesis, about 30 cm long, leave petiole to cut off leaves, cut off prickles, soak in water and set aside. Generally, the method of sprout grafting is used, and the budding site should be in the same direction in order to check. Branch grafting is carried out from 2 to 3 months, mainly by cutting. When the rootstock is 9-13 mm thick and the scion is 3-8 mm, it can be grafted.

(2) cultivation:

① soil: requires strong air permeability, good drainage performance, can maintain water and nutrients, free of diseases and insect pests. The better loam plus peat and sand can be prepared with a volume ratio of 2:1:1, and the soil can be disinfected and sterilized by adjusting the PH value to 6-6.5with gypsum or lime.

② planting: the newly planted plants should be pruned, leaving 15 cm high, especially the broken and disabled roots and branches should be cut off, and the terminal buds must be full. The planting depth depends on whether the surface is covered or not, for example, the interface part of the bud is 5 cm away from the soil surface, and the soil surface is covered with 8 cm thick covering material (such as rotten leaves, sawdust and other organic matter), and then the 8 cm gradually settles to 5 cm, just below the press. If no mulch is added, it can be cultivated a little deeper.

The distance between rows of cut rose is usually 30 × 30 cm. Just planted for a period of time, to spray several times a day to keep the aboveground branches and leaves moist.

③ topdressing: rose in the growth process needs a more balanced fertilizer, neither slow growth, nor the formation of overgrowth, usually the rose needs a large number of elements or trace elements into a comprehensive fertilizer application.

④ pruning and pruning: one way of pruning is to gradually replace the pruning method, that is, after the first picking and cutting in spring, the whole plant remains about 60 cm high, part of it blossoms again, part of the short cut, and so on, after the new branches of the short cut bloom, the original part of the flower is cut short, blooming in turn, and blossoms all the year round. The other is the one-time shearing method, that is, after the first batch is cut in May, all of them are cut into shrubs of the same height. If it is a newly planted young plant in the first year, it will be 45 cm long and 60 cm in length after the second year. However, this cutting method basically stops production for 5-6 weeks, and then the cut flowers can continue until May of the following year.

The coring of the rose is that when the new shoot grows to 15-20 cm, the top is removed about 3 cm, thus promoting the lateral bud to grow into a lateral branch, and it is still necessary to pick the heart 1-2 times to a certain length, until the number of main branches and lateral branches of the whole plant is enough to produce a large number of flowers. The purpose of heart picking is to adjust the plant shape at the initial stage, but after flowering, it is to control the florescence. When the diameter of the flower bud reaches 10-13 mm, the place where the top of the branch reaches the second leaf can promote the florescence for about 7 days.

4. Cut and keep fresh

Rose should be cut when the temperature is low and the humidity is high. It is usually picked and cut 1-2 days before flowering. Cut branches should have 5 Internode spacing or longer length. Cut off for 1 hour, insert into the water to absorb water, then grade according to length, tie up 10 branches in a bundle, and wrap them in cellophane.

Cut rose flowers have a short shelf life and can not bear long-distance transportation. If the rose is not listed on the market after harvesting, it should be stored in a low temperature storage immediately at a temperature of 1-2 ℃, preferably in water for warm storage. The water quality of warm storage is very important, and a low PH value is beneficial to cut rose flowers. The antistaling agent in the flower container is a mixture of silver thiosulfate and aluminum sulfate.

The common rose bottle preservative formulations are: ① 40g sucrose + 80mg / liter 8-HQS (8-hydroxyquinoline salts) + 100mg / liter isoascorbic acid; ② 2060g sucrose + 250mg / liter 8-HQS+500 mg / liter citric acid + 25mg / liter silver nitrate; ③ 50g / liter sucrose + 200mg / liter 8-HQS+50 mg / liter silver acetate; ④ 20g / liter sucrose + 300mg / L 8-HQS+250 mg / liter cobalt nitrate.