Diagnosis and treatment of trichomonas in American King Pigeon

An epidemic disease characterized by digestive tract ulcer, diarrhea and gradual weight loss occurred in a pigeon farm in Hengyang area. it was diagnosed as pigeon trichomoniasis through epidemiological investigation, clinical observation, pathological examination and laboratory examination. 1 morbidity the farm has been engaged in pigeon breeding for 10 years. There are 500 pairs of breeding pigeons and 300 pairs of backup breeding pigeons (including 85 pairs of reserve pigeons who have just left relatives), and there are more than 300 pairs of lactating pigeons during the disease period. The pigeon house is a double-row factory shed type, surrounded by woven cloth in the north and south of the pigeon house in winter to block the cold wind and open in summer to facilitate heat dissipation. There are tall deciduous trees around, ventilated, good lighting, dry ground, warm in winter and cool in summer. The pigeon cage is a metal cage with four layers and eight chambers. there is no dung-bearing plate between the layers, and pigeon droppings fall from the upper layer to the lower layer. Before the onset of the disease, they were immunized with "pigeon paramyxovirus disease", "pigeon paramyxovirus" and "pigeon pox". Feed granule is fed without any processing of feed raw materials, the feed formula is: corn 60%, rice 10%, rice powder 245%, pea 15%, hemp kernel 5%. The disease only occurred in reserve pigeons who had just left their relatives. In May 2002, individual reserve pigeons began to develop the disease, showing depression, loss of appetite, indigestion and dyspnea. After the attack, they took sulfonamides and other antibiotics, but did not have any effect. During the whole epidemic period, the number of sick pigeons was 92 and 20 died, the incidence accounted for 54.12%, and the mortality accounted for 21.74% of the cases. (2) the clinical symptoms of diseased pigeons are lethargic, reduced activity or standing still, eyes closed, rough and dishevelled feathers, reduced food intake or no food, and need to be fed manually. During filling and feeding, it is easy to have indigestion, accumulated food, fullness, growth and development decline or stop, diarrhea, pull yellow and white thin dung, and gradually lose weight. Sometimes accompanied by vomiting, dyspnea, neck, mouth breathing, and eventually died of hunger and asphyxiation due to dyspnea and inability to eat. 3The main pathological changes of 10 dead pigeons were as follows: the mucosa of oral cavity, throat, esophagus and glandular stomach were covered with yellow-white caseous substances, which formed ulcerated surface after falling off, and some formed protruding white nodules on the mucosa. there are hemorrhagic inflammation in the intestine showing a large area of flushing, and a few livers have necrotic foci the size of yellowish-white sesame. (4) the laboratory examination took a few esophageal secretions or capsule wall scrapes from typical cases, put them on the slide, added a drop of normal saline, stirred evenly with toothpicks, and covered slides, examined 400 times under the microscope, showing pear-shaped or spindle-shaped worms. 5 Prevention and treatment 5.1 isolation and disinfection of all sick pigeons, thoroughly clean the pigeon house and cage, rinse the pigeon house with high-pressure water, then sprinkle and disinfect the pigeon house with 2% caustic soda solution, wash the pigeon cage with disinfectant solution, soak the food trough and drinking fountain with 1% potassium manganese solution, and cooperate with pigeon disinfection, 3 times a week for 2 weeks. At the same time, strengthen feeding and management, do a good job in environmental hygiene, keep indoor ventilation and dryness, so as to improve the resistance of the body. 5.2 treatment (1) 0. 0.5% metronidazole drinking water, 5 days as a course of treatment, continuous use of 2 courses, can receive better results, or use 0.05% copper sulfate solution to drink water for 6 days for 8 days. (2) 1,2-dimethyl-5-nitroimidazole was added to the health sand, the dosage was 10mg/ only, and it was used continuously for 5-7 days. (3) Oral administration of 2-amino-5-nitrothiazole (20~40mg/) for 1 week. By taking the above prevention and treatment, the epidemic situation was controlled one week later, and the liquid accumulation was obvious during the disease, and the two were easily distinguished from the ultrasonic images. The clinical symptoms of pigeons disappeared completely, and there was no dead pigeon phenomenon. 6 summary and discussion 6.1 strengthen feeding and management, do a good job in environmental sanitation, carry out reasonable drug prevention (0.05% metronidazole drinking water, once a month), and pay special attention to adding microecological agents to health care sand in order to maintain normal intestinal colonies and enhance the physique of pigeons. it is an effective measure to reduce or put an end to the occurrence of the disease. 6.2 at present, most pigeon farms are fed with feed raw materials, so it is extremely inconvenient to feed drugs. In order to reduce the workload of treatment and achieve the purpose of treatment, it is best to add the drugs to the health care sand according to the dose, which saves time and effort, and the effect is better, but it should be noted that the daily addition of health care sand should not exceed the daily food intake of pigeons, otherwise, it will result in a waste of health care sand drugs. And can not achieve the purpose of treatment. In the report on the treatment of pigeon disease, almost all oral drug feeding is mixed feeding, which I think is inappropriate or impractical, because most pigeon farms are basically feed raw materials, and the medicine powder can not be mixed into the feed. If it is changed into powder when adding medicine, according to our experience, pigeons basically do not eat powder, if the powder is added to the feed and then made into pellets, it is too troublesome and unrealistic. In the process of making particles, due to the effect of high temperature, it will damage the medicinal properties and efficacy, so the therapeutic effect can not be achieved. Therefore, oral drugs should be given in the following ways when treating pigeon disease: (1) drinking water administration. (2) directly from the mouth to the crop. (3) mix into the health care sand. 6.3 after pigeons who have just left their relatives are infected with this disease, they have a low appetite, most of them need to be fed manually, and they are prone to indigestion. During treatment, they should pay attention to taking yeast tablets, one tablet each in the morning and evening, in order to promote digestion, which plays a good auxiliary role in accelerating the recovery of the disease. 6.4 there are many similarities between the clinical symptoms of trichomoniasis and candidiasis, pigeon pox and vitamin deficiency. Attention should be paid to differences in diagnosis and, if necessary, microscopic examination should be used. Only pear-shaped or spindle-shaped worms can be diagnosed under the microscope.