Variety selection and Management characteristics of Almond (part two)

As a kind of kernel fruit tree, almond is different from other peach varieties in cultivation.

1. The choice of garden. Almond has strong adaptability and long life, and can be planted in mountainous area, sloping land, four sides and courtyard, but the following points should be paid attention to: (1) almond blossoms early and should choose the middle mountain and open land where late frost should not occur; (2) almond likes light, it is appropriate to choose sunny slope or shady slope land with small slope; (3) almond is not tolerant to waterlogging and should choose land with good drainage.

2. Planting. It was planted after falling leaves before freezing in autumn and before sprouting in spring. Mainly in the north-south direction, the planting density should not be too large, the row spacing of fertile flat land is 5: 6 meters, and the plant spacing is 3: 4 meters; generally, the row spacing of flat land is 4 meters, and the plant spacing is 3 meters; the mountain area can consider appropriate densification up to 60 plants per mu. Popularize ridging cultivation.

3. Shaping and pruning. The main types of planting less than 50 plants per mu are trunk sparse layer shape, more than 50 plants per mu are mainly spindle shape, and mountain areas can use natural round head shape, multi-main branch cluster shape and so on. Almond likes light, is afraid of humidity and is strong in dryness, so it is mainly harvested by vibrating and falling, so it should be high and dry, with a height of 90cm and 100cm. This is beneficial to reduce the air humidity in the orchard, control the gum flow in the trunk and reduce the occurrence of insect pests. Winter shearing: more thinning and less cutting to ensure the permanence of the branches and minimize large wounds. Summer shearing: in the early stage, it is mainly wiping buds and picking the heart, and in the later stage, it is mainly thinning branches, eliminating overgrown branches, upper dorsal branches and competitive branches, so as to maintain the growth advantage of extended branches of the main branches.

4. Flower and fruit management. The pollination trees should be arranged reasonably when the garden is built, and the bees should be released during the flowering period. 2000-fold PBO was sprayed before flowering, at flowering stage and after anthesis respectively, and the vegetative growth of young trees was controlled and fruit setting rate was increased. The fruit expansion period of almond is concentrated in 3-7 weeks after flowering. Strengthening orchard management in autumn and improving tree nutrition storage are important technical measures to increase single fruit weight and yield.