Analysis of net cultivation pattern in the Transformation of Pear Orchard

Korla fragrant pear is one of the unique fruits in Aksu region. In 2003, the rare continuous low temperature in spring caused 621 hectares of fragrant pear to freeze to death, and the fruiting area of fragrant pear decreased by 1933 hectares due to wind injury, fruit drop at flowering stage and other natural factors. the direct loss reached 115 million yuan. In the past, the traditional measures to prevent and control freezing injury, such as smoking and wind barrier, can not resist the sudden drop of bad climate, so it is particularly urgent to solve the problem of freezing injury and wind injury of fragrant pear.

The net cultivation mode is a kind of pear orchard management mode in which cement piles are used to pull a grid of 0.5 square meters and 1.5 square meters around the pear orchard, and all the branches of the pear tree are tied to the wire. Because the resulting branches are all tied to the iron wire, the shelf surface is neat, the ventilation and light transmission effect is good, the opening angle of the branches is large, it is easy to form flower buds and fruiting branches, and it is strong in resistance to wind damage and easy to prune and pick. In recent years, it has been widely used in the transformation of pear orchards in the mainland, and the effect of preventing wind damage has been fully affirmed.

Korla fragrant pear varieties are not resistant to wind damage, and sudden low temperature affecting flower bud differentiation is the main physiological disaster of large area yield reduction of fragrant pear in recent years, and fragrant pear has strong branching ability and high requirements for picking. Net cultivation mode is adopted to change the traditional management mode and transform the built fragrant pear orchard is a better management mode.

First, the object of the transformation of net cultivation model in pear orchard.

Aiming at the pear orchard with aging, low yield, wind injury and freezing injury, the net facilities of different grid sizes are added to the original pear orchard to transform the pear orchard, so that the whole pear orchard has a neat shelf, a large opening angle of branches, and an increase in fruiting branch groups. it is easy to prune and pick in summer and winter, and reduce wind damage and freezing damage at the same time, so as to greatly increase the yield of fragrant pear and increase the income of farmers.

Second, investment estimation of net cultivation model.

As the project is based on the original pear orchard, there is no other capital investment except the differential fees of cement piles, wire and technicians needed to build the grid.

1.The investment of the old orchard over 35 years old is 2150 yuan / 667m2.

Due to the large number of branches in the old orchard of more than 35 years, a grid of 1.5 square meters was selected to build.

① cement pile investment

68 / 667m2 × 25 yuan / root = 1700 yuan.

② wire investment

150 kg / 667 square meters x 3 yuan / kg = 450 yuan.

two。 The investment of low-yield orchard is 2630 yuan / 667m2.

Low-yield orchards are often due to extensive pruning, too many branches, resulting in fewer branches, resulting in low yield of fragrant pears, so 1.2 square meters of grid is used to construct.

① cement pile investment

86 roots / 667m2 × 25 yuan / root = 2150 yuan.

② wire investment

160 kg / 667 square meters x 3 yuan / kg = 480 yuan.

3. Investment in orchards vulnerable to wind and freezing

Because the construction of the windbreak trunk forest belt of the newly-built orchard is weak and is easily affected by wind and freezing injury, a grid of 1.0 square meters is adopted to construct the pear orchard which is vulnerable to wind and freezing injury, so that all branches can be put on the shelf as far as possible to reduce wind damage and facilitate the application of freezing injury prevention and control measures.

① cement pile investment of 3100 yuan

100root / 667m2 x 25yuan / root = 2500 yuan.

② wire investment

200 kg / 667 square meters x 3 yuan / kg = 600 yuan.

III. Expected benefit analysis

At present, the yield of fragrant pear orchard under 6 years old in Korla area is 500 kg / 667 square meters, 1.5 tons / 667 square meters in 8 ~ 10 years, 22.5 tons / 667 square meters in 11 ~ 20 years, and 2 tons / 667 square meters in more than 20 years. After that, the output decreased year by year.

The net cultivation mode is adopted because all the branches are bound to the shelf, which is beneficial to the formation of flower buds and increase the fruiting branch group. taking the tree shape of three main branches under 6 years old as an example, the general cultivation mode is adopted, and each main branch has 30 fruiting mother branches. each mother branch has 6 to 8 fruiting short branches, and the yield is 504 kg per 667 square meters. Using the net cultivation mode, under the condition that the number of mother branches is constant, 5 fruiting short branches are increased for every 667m2. Calculated by the same method, the yield can be increased by 360kg per 667m2, and the income can be increased by 1080 yuan per 667m2 based on the market purchase price of 3 yuan per kilogram. Thus it can be seen that the use of net cultivation mode can obviously improve the current situation of single cultivation mode, weak resistance to wind injury and freezing injury of fragrant pear; at the same time, net cultivation can reduce the difficulty of pruning and picking fragrant pear in summer and autumn, and can also increase labor productivity and greatly reduce labor costs.