Jinfeng pear

1. A new variety with late ripening and storage tolerance was selected and bred by the Fruit Tree Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Family Sciences. The parent was Apple Pear × Huali, crossed in 1956 and named in 1969. He won the awards for major scientific and technological achievements at the Liaoning Science Congress and the National Science Congress in 1977 and 1978 respectively. It was awarded as high-quality fruit at the two national high-quality fruit selection meetings held by the Ministry of Household in 1985 and 1989.

two。 Botanical characteristics: the crown is broad and conical, the tree posture is erect, the trunk and perennial branches are dusty brown, and the annual branches are dark brown. The leaf is oval, the leaf color is dark green, and the tender leaf green is purplish red. The petiole is 3.6 cm long and 1.8 mm thick on average. The leaf blade is 15.2 cm in longitudinal diameter, the leaf margin is serrulate, the leaf tip is pointed, and the leaf base is round. Corolla white with pink.

3. The fruit character is large, the average unit weight is 280 grams, the large fruit can reach 451 grams. The fruit is 7.5 cm in vertical and 3.5 cm in transverse diameter. The fruit is nearly round, the pericarp is yellowish green, yellow after storage, the fruit surface is smooth, waxy luster, some with small speckles, many fruit spots, large and obvious. Fruiting pedicel 3.9 cm long, 4.5 mm thick, shallow pedicel, medium wide, sulcate. Most of the sepals are completely correct, small and erect, closed, with deep and wide calyx depressions, wrinkled and spotted. The heart is small, the flesh is white, the flesh is tender, crisp and juicy. Few stone cells, rich flavor, sweet and sour delicious, extremely high quality. Contains 12%-15.7% of soluble solids, 7.93% of soluble sugar, 0.22% of titratable acid and 6.26% mg / 100 g of vitamin C. The fruit is very storable and can be stored until May of the following year. The optimum edible period can reach 5-7 months.

4. Biological characteristics

The main results are as follows: (1) the growth habit plant has a strong growth potential, with a height of 4.23 m, a stem circumference of 45 cm and a crown diameter of 2.91 m × 3.01 m. The sprouting power is strong, the bud germination rate is 73.7%, and the branching ability is also strong. More than 3 long branches are generally produced under the cut mouth.

(2) the fruiting habit begins at the middle and early age, and it can bear fruit 3-4 years after planting. All kinds of fruiting branches of young trees can bear fruit, including long fruit branches (25%), medium fruit branches (10%), short fruit branches (33%) and axillary flower buds (32%). The fruit setting rate of inflorescence is 82%, and the fruit setting rate of flowers is moderate. The continuous fruiting ability of Guotai is weak. The average number of fruit per fruit table is 1.62, and the yield is relatively high. There is no phenomenon of fruit drop before harvest, and it is easy to appear the phenomenon of big and small years if it is not well managed.

(3) the phenological phase is in Xingcheng, Liaoning Province, the bud germination period is early April, the flowering stage is early May, the fruit development period is 145 days, the defoliation period is early November, and the vegetative growth period is 210 days. In Yuzhong area of Gansu Province, it sprouted in the first and middle of April, bloomed in early May, ripened in early October and deciduous in late October. The days of fruit development and vegetative growth were 145 days and 208 days respectively.

(4) the resistance has strict requirements on soil conditions and likes fertilizer and water. Strong cold resistance, cold and dry climate is required. No matter in the period of fruit development or storage, the fruit surface is prone to spot in the environment of excessive humidity. Strong ability to resist scab. In some areas, the fruit of this variety is prone to cork symptoms, which should be paid attention to. The fruit is vulnerable to the pear stink bug.

5. Characteristics of agricultural technology

The main results are as follows: (1) under the condition of Arbor rootstock cultivation, the row spacing is 4 m × 5 m, and under the condition of dense planting of dwarf rootstock, the row spacing is 2.5 m × 3 m × 4 m.

(2) in the shaping method, the tree rootstock tree adopts the open hierarchical shape, and the dwarf rootstock tree can adopt the small crown sparse layer shape or spindle shape.

(3) pruning characteristics ① because of the strong branching ability of this variety, it is advisable to cut less and more slowly, thinning proper amount of branches, opening layers and periphery to prevent overdensity. ② prevents the upper part of the central trunk from being too strong, removes the over-strong and dense branches in time, is happy to drop the head as soon as possible, and erases the overgrown branches on the saw blade in time. ③ strictly pruned the three sets of branches, paid attention to adjust the ratio of flower to leaf buds to 1:4, updated the short fruit branches in time, and destroyed the flower buds of the middle and long branches in the big year, or alternately renewed the fruit in turn. Prevent the phenomenon of big and small years. To prevent the light from deteriorating prematurely, ④ should adopt the pruning methods of controlling up and down, front and back, and external and internal pruning, and pay attention to pruning and adjustment. The appearance of ⑤ fruit is not very beautiful. The application of bagging technology can not only improve the fruit appearance, but also control the pear stink bug. ⑥ pollination varieties are Yali pear, apple pear, Zaosu pear, Xuehua pear, Tangshan crisp pear.

6. Suitable for promotion areas and development prospects

Jinfeng is limited to be cultivated in cold and semi-humid areas such as the west of Northeast China, the north of North China and the northwest. In particular, the wax yellow fruit of Jinfeng pear cultivated in Gansu, with gorgeous appearance and good quality, can be used as a base for export to earn foreign exchange.