The method of planting Pinellia ternata in greenhouse

Pinellia ternata, also known as Pinellia ternata, Sanbaotiao, Ma Yuguo, is a commonly used Chinese herbal medicine, which is distributed in the north and south of our country. In recent years, due to the reclamation and utilization of barren mountains and the extensive use of herbicides in farmland, the ecological environment has been destroyed, the resources have decreased year by year, and the price has been rising. According to the survey, at present, Pinellia ternata commodities are scarce in 17 professional markets across the country, and the supply exceeds demand, and the market price is firm at 36-42 yuan / kg. Therefore, the market prospect of artificial planting Pinellia ternata is very broad. In recent years, through introduction and cultivation experiments, the relevant scientific and technological personnel in the GAP planting base of our traditional Chinese Medicine Association have successfully transformed wild Pinellia ternata into domestic species, and the yield per mu has reached 160kg (dry products). Excluding the cost and expenditure, the profit per mu is more than 3500 yuan, and good economic benefits have been obtained. The key points of its introduction and cultivation techniques are introduced as follows:

First, the choice of planting site.

Pinellia ternata prefers mild and humid climate, cold and shade tolerance, not drought tolerance, suitable for hillside, flat land cultivation, interplanting with fruit trees, and intercropping with corn, rape, @ # @ 245cm @ and other tall plants. Sandy soil is the best, but heavy clay and low-lying stagnant water plots are not suitable for planting.

Second, planting.

The suitable sowing period of Pinellia ternata is from November in winter to April of the following year. Before sowing, 2000 kg of stable manure or compost and 25 kg of superphosphate are applied per mu, turned into the soil as base fertilizer, ploughed and turned again when sowing, and then raked flat. Pinellia ternata is mainly propagated by tubers and plant buds. It is best to use tubers to reproduce, plant along with digging, dig holes according to row spacing of 17-20 cm and plant spacing of 7-10 cm, plant two to three tubers per hole, use 40-50 kg tubers per mu, cover soil not too thick, 1-2 cm is appropriate, and water in time if the soil is dry. When the old leaves are about to wither and the plant buds under the petiole have matured in summer and autumn, the mature plant buds should be used for strip planting, and the row distance is the same as that of the tuber.

III. Field management

⑴ weeding:

Before the seedlings are closed, weeding should be done in time, and the depth of intertillage should not exceed 5 cm, so as to avoid root damage. Because the root of Pinellia ternata grows around the tuber, and the root system is concentrated in the topsoil layer of 12-15 cm, the middle ploughing should be shallow rather than deep.

⑵ fertilization:

After the seedlings emerged, 1000 kg of human and animal dung water was applied at 1:3 per mu, and 2000 kg of human and animal manure was applied per mu during plant bud formation. when the new buds appeared and the mother Pinellia ternata shelled and grew new roots, it was poured with 1:10 dung water. After that, 25 kg of rotten cake fertilizer, 20 kg of superphosphate and 10 kg of urea were applied per mu according to the growth situation.

⑶ pest control:

The diseases that are more likely to occur in Pinellia ternata are leaf spot disease and virus disease. The leaf spot disease can be controlled by spraying with Bordeaux solution of 1purl 120 or 65% Dysen zinc 500 times solution, once every 7-10 days, 2-3 times in a row; 5% lime milk can be used to control virus disease, and the diseased plants can be removed in time and burned centrally. The main pest is Spodoptera litura. The control method is to spray 1000-fold liquid of 90% crystal trichlorfon, once every 5-7 days, 2-3 times in a row.

Fourth, harvest and processing.

The growth period of Pinellia ternata is 180-210 days, and tuber propagation can be harvested in the same year or the next year according to the sowing season. Generally in summer and autumn stems and leaves withered after digging, choose a sunny day to carefully dig tubers to avoid damage, shake off the sediment, put into the basket to cover. Do not expose yourself to the sun, or it will not be easy to peel. When processing, the fresh Pinellia ternata is graded according to large, medium and small, and then put into a sack, gently beat on the ground, then poured into a clear water tank, knead repeatedly until the skin is clean, and then take out to dry.

Pinellia ternata is generally sown from February to April in spring, when the temperature is low and the stem germinates slowly. Therefore, seed stem germination can be carried out in the indoor hotbed before sowing, and the budding temperature can be kept at about 20 ℃ and sprouting in 15 days. The seed stem can also be placed outdoors in a plastic greenhouse of 20: 25 ℃ and treated continuously for 15 days. When the coleoptile is white, the seed stem with bud head is sown into the ground prepared in advance and covered with plastic film, which only needs to be covered between the rows planted with seed stem, and can be removed after the seedlings are complete.