Cultivation techniques for fast-growing and high-yielding Ganoderma lucidum in field

Ganoderma lucidum, also known as Ganoderma lucidum, Ganoderma lucidum and Ganoderma lucidum grass, is a precious medicinal fungus. The fast-growing and high-yield cultivation technology of Ganoderma lucidum in the field has the characteristics of no removal of bacterial sticks, fixed-point production of Ganoderma lucidum, directional water supply, high biological efficiency, good product quality and so on. 8000-10000 sticks can be planted per mu, and the economic benefit is considerable.

1. Making stick hair bacteria

1. Culture material formula: ⑴ hard sawdust 78%, wheat bran (or rice bran) 20%, sugar 1%, gypsum 1%; ⑵ cottonseed shell (or rattan residue) 78%, wheat bran 15-20%, gypsum 1-2%, sugar 1%, urea 0.4%, superphosphate 0.6%. The water content of the above culture material is 60%, and the pH value is 5.5-6.

2. Bagging and sterilization: low-pressure polyethylene is used in plastic bags, with specifications of 60 cm × 15 cm, 4-5 wires thick, and 1 kg of dry material in each bag. A small amount of cultivation, manual loading can be adopted while pressing materials with sticks; large area cultivation, can be bagged by bagging machine. Fasten the mouth of the bag and seal it tightly after bagging. Bagging on the same day and sterilization on the same day. The sterilization was kept for 10-12 hours after the high temperature was raised to 100 ℃.

3. Inoculation and inoculation: after the temperature of the bag drops to 30 ℃, inoculate in the inoculation box or inoculation room according to aseptic operation. Inoculation method: use the sterilized punch to punch 5 holes on the surface of the bag, arrange them in a straight line at an equal distance, with a pore diameter of 1.2-1.5 cm, and then quickly insert a small piece of bacteria into the hole with tweezers and apply 12 square centimeters of adhesive cloth to the mouth of the hole. Each bottle of bacteria can take 80-100 holes. The bacterial sticks after inoculation were immediately put into the culture room (the culture room was first disinfected with formaldehyde and the temperature was controlled at 22-25 ℃). After 5 days of culture, the bacterial sticks were arranged in the shape of "well" or triangle, with 8-12 layers in each row, 3-4 bags in each layer, and adjusted once every 5-6 days. When the mycelium grows to more than 2 cm in diameter, uncover a corner of the tape to increase oxygen. Each stick only uncovers 1-2 holes at a time. After 45-60 days of culture, white or yellow bumps appeared on the surface of mycelium culture medium, indicating that it had reached physiological maturity and could produce mushrooms in the field.

II. Outdoor ostentation

Choose an open space with adequate ventilation and water or a rice field after harvest as a mushroom farm. Mushroom farms should be disinfected, sterilized and insecticidal in advance. The rice fields should be drained and dried in advance, and then trenches should be opened to make compartments, and the side of the box should be dug into a pit 5-6 cm deep in order to bury the rods. A simple scaffolding is built on the side of the box. the shed is about 2 meters high, and the roof and its surroundings are covered with hairy grass and reeds, making it a mushroom farm with three points of yang and seven points of shade. Remove the plastic bag on the back of the inoculation mouth by 3 cm × 20 cm, then discharge the mycelium into the pit on the side of the box, the inoculation mouth is facing up, and the distance between the bags is 4-5 cm. The bag arrangement is finished and covered with 2-3 cm thick sandy loam, then arched with long bamboo slices on the box, covered with film.

III. Field management

The vibrating film is not needed within 3-5 days after burying the bag, and the film is ventilated when the surface soil temperature exceeds 28 ℃. Gradually increase ventilation after 5 days, lift the film 2-3 times a day, 20-30 minutes each time, and then gradually increase. If the covering soil is white, it can be sprayed with uncovering film ventilation, and the amount of spraying water should be 25% of the water content of the covered soil, that is, the soil particles have no white heart. After the formation of small buds, water can be sprayed 1-2 times a day in the scaffolding to maintain the air relative humidity of 85-95%. Spray water should not fall on the cap as far as possible after the cap differentiation. The fruiting body cap stopped growing and reached the mature standard, and the first batch of processing was harvested. After the first batch of mushrooms were harvested, ventilation was increased to promote the growth of hyphae, and heavy water was sprayed to promote the formation of buds. After the management is the same as before, 3 batches of Ganoderma lucidum can be harvested in the whole process.