What conditions are needed for the growth and development of edible fungi
To understand the requirements of nutrition and environmental conditions for the growth and development of edible fungi, in the process of cultivation, create suitable environmental conditions and grow mushrooms scientifically in order to obtain high yield and increase income.
1. Carbon, nitrogen, mineral elements and auxin are necessary nutrients for the growth of edible fungi; wood and sawdust are rich in cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, which are carbon nutrients needed by edible fungi; wheat bran, rice bran, soybean meal, corn meal and urea are rich in nitrogen, which are nitrogen nutrients needed by edible fungi. When preparing culture materials, we must pay attention to the ratio of carbon to nitrogen. Edible fungi also need trace amounts of mineral elements such as phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, potassium, zinc and molybdenum, which are generally found in cultivation materials. In addition, the growth and development of edible fungi also need a certain amount of auxin, such as vitamin B1, B2, B6 and so on, which are more in potato, rice bran and so on.
two。 The appropriate temperature for the growth of edible fungi must be noted that the temperature required by different edible fungi is different, and the temperature required by different varieties of the same edible fungus is also different. Moreover, the temperature required for different growth stages of a variety is also different.
3. The suitable water content of the culture material for the growth of edible fungi is 60% to 70%. The relative humidity of the air during mycelium culture is not high, mainly in a high humidity environment of 80% to 90% during mushroom production. Therefore, attention should be paid to spraying water frequently during mushroom emergence in order to increase the air relative humidity of the cultivation site and meet the needs of fruiting body growth.
4. The cultivation site requires fresh air and sufficient oxygen.
This is an important factor in obtaining high yield. Therefore, we should always pay attention to the ventilation of the mushroom room and keep the air fresh. In ventilation, we must pay attention to temperature changes and the impact on the relative humidity of the air, scientific management, coordination and unity, do not pay attention to one or the other.
5. Edible fungi are special for light needs.
During the fermentation period, most of them do not need light and are suitable to grow in the dark, but they need a certain amount of scattered light during the mushroom emergence period. In this way, if there is no appropriate amount of scattered light, there will be no mushrooms or deformed mushrooms. This phenomenon often occurs in caves, air-raid shelters, vegetable cellars and so on.
6. PH is an important factor affecting metabolism.
Edible fungi must grow and develop in a suitable acid-base environment. Different kinds of edible fungi have different requirements for acidity and alkalinity. Most of them prefer slightly acidic or acidic culture media, and the pH value suitable for mycelial growth is mostly between 3 and 8. When the batch PH value is greater than 7, the mycelium growth of most edible fungi is blocked.
The effects of the above-mentioned environmental factors on the growth and development of edible fungi are comprehensive and comprehensive. In cultivation and management, we should not only pay attention to some conditions while ignoring others. Edible fungi can grow and develop smoothly only under comprehensive and suitable ecological conditions. This is the first scientific knowledge to be mastered in the artificial cultivation of edible fungi.
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Diseases and pests and Emergency measures in the production of Edible Fungi
In the winter of 2007, infectious diseases, physiological diseases and insect pests of edible fungi occurred seriously. the susceptible varieties also spread from Pleurotus ostreatus, Lentinus edodes, Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus ostreatus, Coprinus comatus to Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus eryngii, Pleurotus ostreatus, Flammulina velutipes and so on. after brief classification and arrangement, the author summarizes the main diseases and pests and their treatment measures, in order to be helpful to cultivation. Infectious disease Pleurotus ostreatus: mostly occurs in Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus eryngii, Pleurotus ostreatus and other varieties. It shows that the cap of young mushroom turns yellow and gradually expands, until the mushroom is mature, the color is aggravated, and some are slightly lightened, yellow.
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Control of four kinds of Diseases of Edible Fungi
1. Brown rot is also known as vesicle disease, wet bubble disease and so on. Mainly harmful to mushrooms, straw mushrooms, Pleurotus ostreatus and so on. The disease is caused by a pathogen called verrucosporium. The main characteristics are as follows: the conidia and chlamydospores of verrucosporium infect only the fruiting body and do not infect the mycelium. When the fruiting body is slightly infected, the stalk is swollen into a bubble deformity, so it is called wet bubble disease. However, the disease is different at different stages of fruiting body development. The fruiting body is infected when it is not differentiated. There is an irregular tissue mass, such as a hard-skinned horse, covered with a layer of white fluffy hyphae, and gradually
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