Six-part production of Edible Fungi in Autumn (2)

First, select the bacteria. The main varieties used in this autumn are: ① Pleurotus ostreatus: "8359, Agricultural 12"-suitable for spring and autumn; fungus temperature 5: 36 ℃, optimum temperature 24: 28 ℃; temperature of mushroom production: 5: 25 ℃, best: 18: 20 ℃; tufted or imbricate superposition, small thick leaves, large blossoms, gray to dark gray cap, short stalks, white pleats, fine folds, compact blossoms, compact flesh, good commercial quality The two strains have strong resistance to impurity and disease, and will not be infected with diseases such as yellow mushroom disease in general production, and the general biological efficiency can reach more than 150%. In the experiment, the first tide mushroom is more than 182%, which is one of the leading varieties cultivated in spring and early autumn. ② Pleurotus ostreatus: "2796"-- the leading variety cultivated by Fujian Institute of Light Industry and produced in China; years of research and development practice tells us that this strain should be used in commercial cultivation before obtaining first-hand information, and do not change the strain blindly. ③ Lentinus edodes: "Nongxiang 66"-medium and wide temperature type, suitable for mushroom production in spring and autumn or off-season cultivation in summer; the bacteria age is about 60 days, the cover is reddish brown, the stalk is thin, the flesh is thick, the commercial character is good, the mycelium resistance is good, the anti-infection is strong, and the general biological efficiency is about 100%. ④ hericium Erinaceus: "Hmur08, Hmur99"-spring and autumn mushrooms; large and medium-sized, moderate burr, strong resistance to impurity, high commodity. ⑤ Coprinus comatus: "Cc168" and "Cc833", which are large and medium-sized and pure white respectively, have strong impurity resistance, high yield and good marketability, so they are the leading strains cultivated in large areas at present. ⑥ Pleurotus ostreatus: "Luliu No. 1", a strain selected after isolation and domestication of wild mushrooms, obviously has the advantages of good stress resistance, high cultivation success rate, good mushroom phase and high commercial value, so it is the leading variety in commodity production at present. ⑦ black fungus: "Au10, 8 black 22"-the ear piece is small, symmetrical, high foaming rate, good taste and high commodity value. ⑧ Auricularia auricula: "Yellow-backed Auricularia auricula, Hybrid 22"-the market effect of thick and large ear slices, high yield, good impurity resistance, especially fresh sales is very ideal. ⑨ Pleurotus ostreatus: "Luxuan 72"-medium and high temperature strain, which has the same yield as Pleurotus ostreatus, has excellent resistance and strong adaptability, and can be sown with raw meal, clinker and fermented material. The only drawback is that the cover wrinkles, showing a small wave shape, which is not conducive to transportation. ⑩ Pleurotus eryngii: "XZ-1" rod-shaped strain, with fast growth rate and high yield, is one of the leading strains cultivated for many years.

Second, standardize re-expansion. When a good strain is introduced, everything is not all right, and it has to go through a number of processes before it can be harvested. The first thing to bear the brunt is the problem of propagation, including matrix formula, sterilization, cooling, inoculation and so on. The concept of "aseptic" must be emphasized and carried out in strict accordance with the operating procedures.

Third, strictly eliminate miscellaneous things. The weeding of class 1-3 species in the process of culture is easy to be neglected. To master a principle: to find problematic bacteria and resolutely eliminate them-- whether it is fungal infection or bacterial infection, whether it is pre-infection or late infection, must be eliminated.

Qu 3: mushroom shed disinfection, strengthen the concept

1. The construction standard of the mushroom shed emphasizes the concept of "ventilation": the construction of the mushroom shed should be based on each person's production plan and production direction, and cannot be generalized. For example, the mushroom farmers who plan to cultivate annually can raise the standard of the mushroom shed, preferably a winter greenhouse. When giving priority to out-of-season production, we should try to thicken the wall and install "greenhouse water temperature air conditioning", so that we can not only maximize heat preservation, but also achieve free temperature control, laying the foundation for out-of-season production; if only a batch of cultivation is carried out in autumn and winter, it is not necessary to build a high-standard mushroom shed, you can build a single slope, flat greenhouse, or even according to the slope, according to the wall, simple facilities, the cost is much lower. However, no matter what kind of mushroom shed, we should grasp a principle, that is: on the basis of achieving the basic heat preservation and moisture preservation, we must emphasize the main purpose of ventilation, especially the ventilation hole, so as to be as close to the ground as possible. In the past, some "earthen mushroom sheds" were surrounded by airtight walls, and diseases were rampant, causing too great losses to mushroom farmers.

2. Disinfection of the mushroom shed environment to strengthen the concept of "environment": it is worth noting that our edible mushroom production environment is indeed going from bad to worse, such as contaminated bags, diseased mushroom bodies and cultivation waste. Make it a new "disease source base", resulting in frequent diseases and cross-infection, making sustainable production more and more difficult. This phenomenon has appeared since the 1990s. So far, there has been no effective governance. For base-type production, we have always emphasized the improvement of this "environment". Under the condition that large-scale treatment cannot be achieved, disinfection and sterilization measures can be strengthened in the base: outside the cultivation shed, including the perimeter of the operation site, clean-up sanitation, for stable toilets, rubbish, etc., especially thoroughly clean up contaminated bacterial bags and bacterial bran waste, and spray high concentrations of drugs to sterilize and kill insects in the external environment. People with poor environment should use the medicine twice in a row.