Control method of edible fungi Penicillium

Penicillium is also known as Penicillium. The common species of Penicillium in the production of edible fungi are Penicillium Penicilliumfrequentans, Penicillium lavender (P.lilacinum), Penicillium viridis (P.viridicatum), Penicillium chrysogenum (P.chrysogenum) and Penicillium verrucosporum (P.verruculosum). Penicillium can be infected and harmed in the process of seed production and cultivation of many kinds of edible fungi, such as Pleurotus ostreatus, mushroom, mushroom and so on.

The main results are as follows: (1) at the initial stage of harmful symptoms, the mycelium of bacteria is very similar to that of edible fungi, so it is difficult to distinguish them. However, when the conidia are formed, Penicillium presents a light blue or green powder layer. After Penicillium invaded the mushroom bed and contaminated the culture material, it inhibited the mycelium growth of edible fungi, so that it could not form a fruiting body, even if it formed a fruiting body, it would turn brown and rot.

(2) the morphological characteristics of hyphae are colorless or light-colored and separated. The erect conidiophores are symmetrically bifurcated or multi-branched in the shape of a broom, with small peduncles at the tip and conidia in series. Conidia globose or ovate, unicellular, smooth or rough, colorless, green or with other variegated colors. The color of the colony is green, yellow-green, blue and so on, and the new white growth zone is common in the outer circle of the colony.

(3) Penicillium has strong adaptability and wide distribution, and produces a large number of conidia, which are transmitted through air, soil, fertilizer, plant residues and so on. Penicillium is not only an important miscellaneous fungus of edible fungi, but also the main pathogen of agricultural products, which often causes mildew of stored grain, decay of fruit and deterioration of flower bulb quality. The suitable growth conditions of Penicillium are 20: 30 ℃, air relative humidity more than 90%, and like to grow in acidic environment.

(4) the prevention and control methods should pay attention to the environmental hygiene, keep the surrounding of the culture room and the cultivation land clean, and dispose of the waste in time. Inoculation rooms and mushroom rooms should be cleaned and disinfected in accordance with the regulations; operators must ensure thorough sterilization during seed production; bagged bacteria should be handled gently in the process of handling and strictly prevent plastic bags from breaking; they should be regularly checked and found to be contaminated and should be removed in time. Never sow diseased bacteria. If Penicillium occurs on the mushroom bed culture material, it can be ventilated and dried in time, and the room temperature can be controlled at 20: 22 ℃. After the miscellaneous bacteria are restrained, the routine management can be resumed. Adjust pH, increase pH appropriately, add 1%-3% quicklime or spray 2% lime water to inhibit the growth of miscellaneous bacteria. Medicament mixing material, with 0.1% weight of dry material methyl topiramate mixing material, the prevention and control effect is better. Attention should also be paid to ventilation in mushroom houses and mushroom farms to avoid high temperature and humidity; when the disease occurs locally, it can be smeared with 5%-10% lime water or sprinkled with lime powder, or it can be dug out first, and then sprayed with 3%-5% copper sulfate solution to kill bacteria.