Canine distemper prevention and treatment technology

Canine distemper is a highly contagious disease caused by canine distemper virus in dogs, some economic animals and wild animals. The clinical features are bipolar fever, rhinitis, inflammation of respiratory tract and digestive tract, and symptoms of skin and nervous system in some cases. There is a secondary bacterial infection in clinic.

1. The original pathogen of the disease is canine distemper virus, which has strong resistance to dryness and cold. It can survive for 7 to 8 days at room temperature.

2. Epidemic characteristics sick dogs, minks and other diseased animals and infected animals are the main sources of infection. The disease is mainly through direct contact between sick dogs and healthy dogs through respiratory tract infection, especially droplets have special significance for the spread of the disease, through the digestive tract, mating and so on can also be infected. Dogs of different ages, genders and breeds can be infected, and puppies under 1 year old are the most susceptible. In addition, wolves, jackals and foxes in the canine family, marten in the weasel family, raccoons, white-nosed bears and red pandas in the raccoon family are all susceptible to infection. Humans and other livestock are not susceptible to the disease.

3. Clinical symptoms: the incubation period of the disease is 3-7 days in dogs and 9-14 days in minks. At the beginning of canine disease, most of the patients showed serous secretions from eyes and nose, tiredness and loss of appetite. The initial body temperature increased to 39.5-41 ℃ for about 2 days, and then decreased to normal temperature for 2-3 days. At this time, the sick dogs seemed to improve and have appetite. The second increase in body temperature can last for several weeks, showing a typical biphasic fever. At this time, the condition further worsened, showing an acute process, showing mental fatigue, refusing to eat, eye and nose mucus purulent secretions, followed by symptoms of pneumonia, often vomiting. Severe cases can show malodorous dysentery with watery stool mixed with mucus or blood. Sick dogs lose weight rapidly, are depressed, and the fatality rate is very high. Some sick dogs are mainly characterized by neurological symptoms, such as fatigue, paroxysmal muscle spasm, ataxia, rotation, convulsion or coma. Most of the sick dogs turned to death after convulsions. In some cases, dance symptoms and paralysis remain after other symptoms disappear. Some puppies with this disease develop papules in the lower abdomen, medial ventral or other parts of the skin, and often develop into pustules. After recovery, the pus dried up and disappeared.

4. Anatomical and pathological changes of respiratory mucosa showed catarrhal inflammation, including mucus or purulent exudate, pneumonia, pulmonary edema and so on. Gastrointestinal mucosa showed catarrhal hemorrhagic inflammatory changes, gastrointestinal mucus swelling, mucus increase, mucosal bleeding and hemorrhagic ulcer. In some cases, vesicular or pustular dermatitis occurs in the skin at a later stage of the disease. Some in the metacarpal epidermis cuticular hyperplasia, the performance of thickening (the so-called hard foot disease).

5. Typical cases can be diagnosed according to clinical symptoms and epidemiological data, and typical cytoplasmic inclusion bodies should be found in the epithelial cells of diseased tissues. Differential diagnosis: infectious canine hepatitis, common temporary corneal opacity, prolonged clotting time after hemorrhage, autopsy showed characteristic liver and gallbladder lesions and body cavity blood exudates, but canine distemper did not.

6. Prevention (1) Prevention: comprehensive epidemic prevention measures are mainly taken. It is found that sick dogs should be isolated and treated as soon as possible and strictly sterilized to prevent mutual infection and spread. The attenuated canine distemper vaccine was vaccinated for the first time at 9 weeks, the second time at 15 weeks, and once a year thereafter. Those who did not take milk after birth were vaccinated within 2 weeks and were immunized for the second time every 10 to 15 days. (2) treatment: at present, symptomatic treatments such as antibiotic injection and cardiotonic fluid replacement are used in sick dogs, especially in the early stage to control bacterial secondary infection. If there are conditions, canine distemper antiserum can be injected, and the effect is better.