The reproduction of reindeer

The female deer at the age of sexual maturity is 1.5 years old, and a few well-developed females can participate in mating in the same year. The reproductive ability is very strong, and the general reproductive life span can reach 14 years. The stag is sexually mature at the age of 2.5 and can participate in mating at the age of 3. In Harbin, the life span of reindeer can reach about 20 years old.

(2) the estrus of reindeer is in estrus from mid-September to mid-November every year, with mid-October as the peak period. During this period, the Bucks were ferocious, often fighting for couples and attacking people on their own initiative. at the same time, they showed obvious thickening of the neck, chasing female deer all day, sniffing their genitals, and often "howling" and "howling" at the same time, urinating frequently, and seldom ate except for increased drinking water. After the mating period, the stag lost a lot of weight. The estrus performance of the female deer was not very obvious, the vulva was slightly edema, there was a small amount of mucus, approached the male actively, and the feeding change was not obvious. the pregnancy rate of the female deer was higher at 13-22 days after estrus, and the best part of estrus lasted for 2-4 days.

(3) the healthy male deer should be selected for mating reindeer breeding, and the way of one male and multiple females should be adopted. Reindeer mating is mostly in the early morning or evening, the environment is quiet, the weather is cool, the mating duration is about 20 seconds, and the number of mating per day is variable. During the mating period, some apples and vitamin E should be fed appropriately to improve the pregnancy rate.

4 pregnancy and childbirth

4.1 the gestation period of pregnant reindeer is 225,240 days. In the early stage of pregnancy, the change of feeding exercise state of female deer was not obvious, but the feed intake increased in the later stage of pregnancy, gradually obese, bright coat, gentle and quiet temperament. During pregnancy, attention should be paid to the supplement of vitamins and minerals, especially the supplement of calcium and phosphorus and their proportion adjustment. In addition, be careful not to be frightened and avoid catching animals as much as possible to avoid miscarriage.

4.2 reindeer usually give birth from May to the beginning of June, most of them are one calf, and the two calves are rare. One month before delivery, the abdominal circumference was obviously enlarged and the breast was slightly swollen. one week before delivery, the female deer liked to walk quietly or slowly, the vulva was slightly edema, and there was a small amount of mucus outflow, breast swelling and prominent nipples. Prenatal 1-2 days, like to lie still in the inner house, loss of appetite, sometimes restless, frequently lift the tail. Most of the female deer give birth in a standing position, sometimes lying down, giving birth at midnight or early morning, first delivering the front hooves of the young deer, then the head, and finally giving birth, the whole process takes 1-2 hours. First-time female deer sometimes take a little longer. The female deer licks her young deer after delivery, and there are feeding requirements after 10 minutes. After 40-90 minutes, the placenta fell off and was generally eaten by the doe. Postpartum deer calves are capillaries soft, brown, no coarse hair.

5 after birth, the young deer can stand up after licking the mother deer for about 20 minutes, and the colostrum can be eaten for about 2 hours. If the postpartum female deer does not have enough milk, it can be fed to the female deer lactation tablets to increase the lactation, the dosage is twice the dose for human use. Some female deer first birth maternal nature is not strong, do not feed the young deer, can catch the female deer, forced to breast-feed the young deer, after several times can generally breast-feed themselves, but should pay attention to make the young deer eat colostrum in time. The young deer can play with grass about half a month after birth, and a small amount of grass can be eaten after a month. The young deer had horn marks on their heads after birth, and the antlers grew out after 7 days. The antlers grew to 5~10cm at 1 month old, reached 10~20cm at 2 months old, and fell off into dry horns at 4 months old.

Results and discussion

Reindeer is a kind of near-Arctic animal, which is resistant to cold and heat. Therefore, it is necessary to create a good living environment for the zoo and sprinkle water to cool it or build a bath in summer.

(2) when reindeer are reindeer from wild to captive, the balance of absorption and metabolism should be satisfied as far as possible, and the full price feed should be supplemented appropriately. The feed should be adjusted timely for different individuals in different periods.

(3) during estrus, the horns of the stag should be sawed off so as not to cause animal and human casualties. The oestrus of the reindeer is from mid-September to mid-October, the sexual cycle of the female is 13-22 days, the best part of estrus lasts 2-4 days, the gestation period is 225-240 days, and the lactation period is 165-180 days.

(4) the breeding and breeding of reindeer adopts the way of multiple males and females, and a healthy male deer can form a breeding group with more than 10 females.