Management techniques of greenhouse apricot in autumn

1. Soil, fertilizer and water management. Apply basic fertilizer early. The time of applying basic fertilizer to apricot trees in greenhouse should be earlier than that of open field cultivation to between late summer and early autumn. At this time, due to the high ground temperature, the application of base fertilizer is at the peak of apricot roots, and the roots are easy to heal, which can promote the photosynthesis of aboveground leaves and promote flower bud differentiation. The fertilizer is mainly organic fertilizer, and the amount of fertilizer applied is 20%-30% more than that of open-field cultivation, and 3000-4000 kg of mature organic fertilizer is applied per mu. Soil fertilization can be combined with deep turning in autumn, sooner rather than later. The banded ditch fertilization method is usually used. At the periphery of the crown projection, the ditch with a depth of 40 cm to 50 cm is mechanically opened, the fertilizer is applied into the ditch, and then the soil is buried. Irrigation after fertilization is beneficial to soil sedimentation and nutrient release and absorption.

two。 Apply more green manure. Planting green manure crops between rows of apricot trees, ploughing and turning to the ground as base fertilizer in autumn, followed by watering, can also achieve a good yield increase effect.

3. Foliar topdressing. The growth time of apricot leaves in greenhouse is long, and the leaves are easy to senescence prematurely in autumn. while applying basal fertilizer early to improve leaf function, attention should be paid to foliar topdressing to improve leaf quality and function. Generally, apricot trees cultivated in greenhouse are sprayed with foliar fertilizer every 10 days or so after autumn, and the fertilizer is mainly composed of highly active organic liquid fertilizers such as urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, rare earth fertilizer, amino acid compound fertilizer and titanium fertilizer. Many kinds of fertilizers can be used alternately.

4. Timely irrigation and drainage. In the late stage of vegetative growth of apricot trees in the greenhouse in autumn, timely and appropriate watering is beneficial to the synthesis and accumulation of nutrients and the formation of flower buds. Before freezing, anti-freezing water is applied to make it safe to survive the winter. As apricot trees are not resistant to waterlogging, if there are more Rain Water or stagnant water, they should be drained in time to prevent apricot trees from being susceptible to waterlogging.

5. Deep ploughing to expand the plate. Autumn ploughing should be carried out before the soil is frozen from August to November, with a general tillage depth of about 20 cm. Deep turning can dig a circular trench with a depth of 60 cm in the vertical ground at the edge of the crown or dig a strip trench between rows of unlimited width. Do not cut off the thick roots of the expanded tree plate, and the topsoil and subsoil should be stacked separately. When backfilling, the topsoil is mixed with rotten leaves, weeds, dead branches or other farm manure and put into the lower half of the ditch, and the original subsoil is placed in the upper half of the ditch. For the soil with thin soil layer and poor soil structure, the tree disk should be expanded according to the extension of apricot root system.

Second, paclobutrazol is used to further improve the nutritional quality of trees and control the vegetative growth of apricot trees in the vigorous growing season. In the middle of August, 300 × 500 mg / L paclobutrazol wettable powder was sprayed once every 10 days for 4 times in a row, mainly on the back of the leaves.

Third, autumn pruning is easy to cause excessive vegetative growth and affect the yield and quality of apricot due to weak light, high temperature and high humidity in the early growth stage of apricot in greenhouse. After fruit harvest, the tree angle has a relatively stable period, during which the tree shape can be fixed by technical measures such as top, pull, brace, pull and so on. The opening of branches should be carried out after the branches stop growing from August to September.

Fourth, from August to September, according to the actual situation, timely spraying should be used to control the harm of diseases and insect pests. 1000 times of methyl topiramate wettable powder or 50% carbendazim wettable powder were sprayed every 15 to 20 days to control bacterial perforation of apricot trees. 1000 times of fenvalerate EC can be used to control aphids; 1500 times of diclofenac EC or 1000 times of diclofenac EC can be used to control red spiders; 1000 times of fenvalerate EC or 3000 times of fenvalerate EC can be used to control Dendrolimus punctatus and Caterpillar navicus. In addition, the litter should be removed in time to reduce the source of disease and the overwintering base of pests.