Xiushui 110, a New Late Japonica Rice Variety Optimized by Morphological Type Innovation

Xiushui 110 was selected by Yao Haigen project team of Agricultural Science Research Institute of Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province. its combination is Jia 59 Za / C 95-13. It was approved by Shanghai Variety approval Committee in 2001 and Zhejiang Variety approval Committee in 2002. In 2004, it was subsidized by the Ministry of Science and Technology and the Ministry of Agriculture for the breeding of new high-quality special crop varieties and breeding technology research varieties. It won the first prize of science and technology in Zhejiang Province in 2004.

(1) Innovation of morphological types to realize source-library optimization.

The biggest innovation of Xiushui 110 is that the plant is semi-dwarf type, and the panicle is dense panicle type, which supplies the sink of dense panicle type with the source of semi-dwarf type. by organically combining the characteristics of semi-dwarf type, such as dwarf node, developed root system, good late color change and high grain filling quality, with the advantages of large ear and many grains (large sink) of dense panicle type, source-sink optimization was realized through morphological type innovation.

Rice plant type breeding is a hot spot in the field of modern rice cultivation science, and the innovation of morphological types plays an important role in the improvement and yield increase of rice varieties. The pioneer of plant type breeding can be traced back to the concept of ideal plant type breeding put forward by Donald in 1968. Since then, many breeders have carried out variety breeding directly according to this theory. Different morphological types of rice varieties have different yield thresholds, so there is no breakthrough in yield without a breakthrough in morphological types. In recent 20 years, the morphological types of the main varieties of late japonica rice in Zhejiang Province changed from agricultural reclamation type to agricultural tiger type, and then were replaced by semi-dwarf type and dense panicle type, until the source-sink optimization type of dense panicle type was supplied by semi-dwarf type in recent years. It is due to the continuous innovation of morphological types that the yield level has been continuously improved.

The semi-dwarf varieties such as Xiushui 27, Xiushui 11, Xiushui 1067 and Ning 67, which were popularized in Zhejiang Province in the mid-1980s, have the main advantages of shorter plant, compact plant type, knotted leaf sheath, raised flag leaf, long panicle and sparse grain (the panicle type bends and sinks under the flag leaf, showing a typical "under the leaf"), high grain weight, developed root system, slow decline of root activity and leaf photosynthetic efficiency in the later stage, good color change and fast filling. The inter-grain maturity was the same, and there was little difference in grain weight and quality among different parts of panicle. However, because of its sparse grains and less grains per panicle, it is difficult to further improve the yield level.

Xiushui 17, Xiushui 63 and other dense panicle varieties popularized since 1990s, erect or semi-erect panicle type, dense grain, short and erect flag leaves, superior ecological conditions of population canopy, higher chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, specific leaf weight and root activity (root injury flow per plant) in the early and middle stages after heading. The dry matter accumulation before heading and the dry matter production after heading (neck injury flow per panicle per plant) were higher, and there were more grains per panicle, so there was great potential to increase yield. However, due to short panicle, narrow flag leaf and slow grain filling, the decrease of injury flow per plant (root activity) and net photosynthetic rate of flag leaf in dense panicle type was significantly higher than that in semi-dwarf type about 30 days after full panicle. The competition for nutrients among strong, medium and weak grains in panicle was fierce, which led to great differences in grain filling rate and duration among different grain positions in panicle. In the end, the grain weight and quality of weak grains were obviously lower than those of strong and medium potential grains, resulting in different maturity between grains and affecting the improvement of overall quality.

In view of the respective advantages and disadvantages of semi-dwarf type and dense panicle type varieties, we focused on strengthening the improvement of sink and source and the coordination and optimization of the relationship between sink and source in the process of new variety breeding. Xiushui 110 not only maintained the excellent characteristics of semi-dwarf rice with dwarf nodes, exuberant root activity, long functional period of inverted trefoil, high leaf photosynthetic efficiency and good color conversion in the later stage, but also had the spike-grain structure of dense panicle type. Xiushui 110 plant is short and strong, strong photosynthetic potential and strong root activity, especially the obvious advantage of root and leaf growth in the later stage, which lays a physiological and ecological foundation for improving yield and quality. In addition, although the grain density of Xiushui 110 was higher, the number of the first branch of Xiushui 110 was similar to that of Xiushui 63, which mainly depended on the increase of the number of the first branch, so the grain implantation was more uniform, and the phenomenon of asynchronous filling was lighter than that of Xiushui 63. the difference of grain weight and quality, especially the appearance quality of dense panicle variety Xiushui 63 was significantly lower than that of dense panicle variety Xiushui 63, which laid a morphological and physiological foundation for improving the overall rice quality.

2 main characteristics

The plant height of Xiushui 110 is about 95cm, which is lower than that of Xiushui 63, which is a late japonica regional trial variety in southern China. The plant type is moderately distributed, the stem is stout, the leaves are raised, the number of leaves in the main stem is 18-19, the leaves are slightly broad, light and erect, the leaf sheath is knotted, and the flag leaves are lifted up; the root system is well developed, showing superior roots, and the color is good in the later stage; the tillering ability and panicle rate are medium. Generally, the number of effective panicles per mu is 21-230000, 120-130 grains per panicle, the seed setting rate is 85%-90%, and the 1000-grain weight is 25-26g, which belongs to the type of large panicle. The ear neck is thick and stiff, the panicle type is large, the grain is uniform, and the ear is semi-erect at maturity, which is lower than the top of the flag leaf, and the phenomenon of secondary grain filling is light. Xiushui 110 has strong photosensitivity. It was sown in northern Zhejiang on May 20-25, full heading on September 10-13, and harvested at the end of October and early November. the whole growth period was 155-160 days, which was mid-maturing and late japonica.

Rice is of good quality and tastes good. According to the rice quality supervision, inspection and testing center of the Ministry of Agriculture, according to the NY122-86 "High quality Edible Rice" standard of the Ministry of Agriculture, among the 12 rice quality indexes, 9 items of brown rice rate, milled rice rate, head rice rate, length-width ratio, chalkiness, alkali elimination value, gel consistency, amylose content and protein content of Xiushui 110 reached the first class standard of high quality rice, while transparency and chalky grain rate reached the second grade standard of high quality rice. Xiushui 110 has been rated as one of the five high-quality late japonica varieties in Shanghai and listed as one of the high-quality late japonica varieties recommended by the Department of Agriculture of Zhejiang Province from 2001 to 2003.

Good resistance. According to the identification of Plant Protection Institute of Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, the resistance to rice blast was significantly better than that of the control Xiushui 63, and the resistance to other major diseases and insect pests was better than or similar to that of Xiushui 63. Strong lodging resistance, good late ripening phase.

Based on Xiushui 110 dwarf and short node, fertilizer resistance and lodging resistance, strong photosensitivity and double characteristics of semi-dwarf and dense panicle, so it has wide adaptability. It is suitable for single-season direct seeding, seedling throwing and transplanting rice planting in northern Zhejiang, Hangzhou, Jiahu, Shanghai, southern Jiangsu, Ningxia and Shaoxing, Zhejiang. From 2001 to 2003, Xiushui 110 was listed as a national high-yield demonstration of new rice varieties and a key demonstration variety of provincial grain and oil seed engineering demonstration base in Zhejiang Province. it was demonstrated in national and provincial demonstration bases in Jiaxing, Jiashan, Changxing, Zhuji and Tongxiang.

3 yield performance

Xiushui 110 participated in the urban test of Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province in 1999, 2000 and 2001. the average yield per mu was 536.8, 581.2 and 595.0kg, which increased by 4.62%, 3.46% and 8.91% compared with the control (Xiushui 63), ranking first, second and third, respectively. In the urban test of Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, the average yield per mu was 573.5 and 628.0kg, which was 4.7% and 6.44% higher than that of the control (Xiushui 63), ranking first for two consecutive years. In the urban trial in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, the average yield per mu was 542.1 and 591.7kg, which increased by 1.82% in 1999, 16.93% and 5.29% in 2000, respectively, compared with Xiushui 63 in 1999 and 5.29% in 2000, ranking first for two consecutive years. In Shanghai, the average yield per mu increased by 13.8% in 1999 and 7.42% in 2000 compared with Xiushui 17 and Wuyunjing 7 for two consecutive years.

The yield per mu of single cropping late rice in Moushan Town, Yuyao City, which was tested by Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences in 2002, reached 812.5kg per mu, creating a small area high yield record for conventional late japonica rice in Zhejiang Province. Large-scale production experiment and demonstration in Jiashan County, Zhejiang Province, in 1999, 706mu demonstration square, yield per mu 577.7kg, of which the key demonstration field 159.0 mu, per mu yield 595.0kg; in 2000, 7150 mu demonstration square, per mu yield 585.9kg, of which the key demonstration field 239.5 mu, per mu yield 607.8kg, the demonstration side increased 32.2kg per mu compared with Xiushui 63, an increase of 5.8%. In 2000, Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province, tested and demonstrated 120mu of Rishanwei Agricultural Park in Changchao Town, with an average yield of 657kg per mu, which was 12.5% higher than that of Xiushui 63, and the demonstration base of improved variety breeding base in Shuanglin Town had a yield of 583.6kg per mu and a yield of 647kg per mu. In 2001, the demonstration planting area of Changchao Township was 4300 mu, with an average yield of 567kg per mu, of which the central demonstration square had an average yield of 675kg per mu, which was 13.63% higher than that of the control. Among them, the farmers in Shi Jin Fang had a high yield of 2.2mu, with a per unit yield of 702kg and Zhou Wenjin, with an area of 1.8mu and 680kg per unit area.

4 application prospect

As a new late japonica rice variety with high quality and high yield, Xiushui 110 is a new late japonica rice variety with high quality and high yield through morphological type innovation. it is the first dwarf and large panicle single cropping rice variety bred in Zhejiang Province in recent years. It has been popularized about 7 million mu in Zhejiang Province, Shanghai and southern Jiangsu from 2002 to 2004, creating huge social and economic benefits. At present, Xiushui 110 has been the first choice for order production by many leading rice enterprises in Zhejiang Province, such as Jiashan Ganyao Rice Co., Ltd., Jiaxing Hexin Rice Industry Co., Ltd. And Pinghu Xinxing Rice Precision Co., Ltd., to carry out the industrial development of high-quality pollution-free rice. From 2002 to 2004, the three enterprises have cumulatively produced more than 800,000 mu of high-quality and pollution-free rice, which has effectively promoted the efficiency of growing grain. Enhance the market competitiveness of real estate rice.

What is more noteworthy is that, as a new type of late japonica rice, Xiushui 110 has become an important excellent germplasm resource. With Xiushui 110 as the parent, a series of new varieties, lines and hybrid combinations have been successfully bred: among them, 3 new varieties have been approved in Zhejiang Province, including Jiahua 1, Xiushui 09 and Xiushui 03. In particular, Jiahua 1 has a planting area of more than 1.2 million mu in Zhejiang Province in 2004. One late japonica male sterile line, Xiushui 110A, has passed the provincial identification, and Xiuyou 5, a new late japonica hybrid rice combination successfully bred by Xiushui 110A, has passed the variety approval in Shanghai in 2005 and has been recommended to enter the national regional test. In 2005, this combination has become a key demonstration variety of late japonica hybrid rice in Zhejiang Province and Shanghai, and many yield per mu of 700kg has emerged, which has a broad prospect of popularization and application.