Several technical links needing attention in rural electric hatching geese

Because @ # @ 232 birds @ can make full use of the rich forage resources in rural areas, low concentrate consumption, fast growth, easy management and good feeding efficiency, the goose industry in rural areas is showing a trend of vigorous development. the corresponding hatching of goose seedlings has gradually developed from the traditional kerosene lamp and beach bed hatching to the electric incubation of family workshop hatchery. However, due to the poor mastery of hatching technology in most hatcheries, the hatching effect is not very ideal, and even the hatching rate of some incubators is lower than that of traditional hatching methods. In view of this situation, the author specially puts forward several technical links that should be paid attention to in the electric incubation of rural family workshops for farmers' reference.

1 pay attention to the selection and storage of breeding eggs

For small-scale breeding geese in rural areas, due to different techniques and conditions, the quality of breeding eggs is also different, and the quality of breeding eggs has a great impact on the hatching rate and the quality of goslings, so the selection of breeding eggs is particularly important. The breeding eggs should come from the geese with normal feeding and management, proper male-female ratio, good nutritional status, healthy and high yield, and the standard breeding eggs should be collected after 2 weeks. The quality of breeding eggs should be fresh, and the shorter the preservation time, the better. Generally, one week after delivery is the best, and 3-5 days is the best. The breeding eggs should be clean and pollution-free, the shell color of the breeding eggs is normal, there are no cracks, and the size of the eggs should be moderate. The normal shape of the egg is oval, with big end and small end, too long or too round abnormal eggs should not be hatched, too big or too small is not good. The eggshell should be dense and uniform, and the "sand-preserved egg" with rough shell, the "toughened egg" with hard eggshell, and the "waist bulging egg" with uneven eggshell can not be used for hatching.

The eggs collected should be neatly placed in the storage room to avoid direct sunlight, and it is best to keep your head down and stand upright. The temperature in the storeroom should not be too high or too low, otherwise the embryo development is incomplete or unstable, which reduces the vitality of the embryo and is easy to cause early embryo death. The best storage temperature should be 10: 15 ℃, and the relative humidity should be kept at 75%. If the area is too dry, it can be solved by spraying water indoors or covering the eggs with plastic film.

2 pay attention to disinfection measures

Hatchery is the place where bacteria and viruses are most easily infected and spread. Most of the incubators in rural areas are family-style incubators built by their own houses, which are mixed with living areas. If the disinfection and sterilization measures are not done well, the goose seedlings provided will easily carry the disease. Where there are conditions, the hatchery had better be relatively independent of the living area, and relatively strict disinfection measures should be carried out: one is to keep the environment clean and hygienic, disinfecting the environment regularly, and the commonly used disinfection drugs are living lime and bromogeramine; the second is to clean and disinfect the hatching equipment regularly, and the commonly used disinfectants are bromogeramine, and the third is to disinfect breeding eggs. The eggs are usually disinfected twice after they are produced, and the first time they are fumigated before storage. Each cubic meter is mixed with 30ml formalin and 15g potassium permanganate. The temperature is 20: 26 ℃ and the fumigation temperature is 20: 26 min. Fumigation can be done on a plastic film cover, which can reduce space volume and save drug consumption. When soaking and disinfecting people for the second time, you can wash off the dirt on the egg surface at the same time, soak it with 0.1% bromogeramine or 0.03% potassium permanganate for 2-3 minutes, wash and drain, and then hatch, paying attention to the fact that the water temperature is not too low, preferably about 37 ℃.

(3) to determine the mode of incubation.

Compared with eggs, goose eggs have large weight, large volume, large surface area and high fat content; the eggshell is thick, the shell film is thick, the shell is hard and not easy to break; the stomata on the shell are small, the inner shell membrane is tough, and the stomata are strictly sealed, which is not conducive to gas exchange, water evaporation, heat transfer and shell pecking. Therefore, there should be a difference between hatching geese and hatching chickens. In practice, variable temperature hatching is often used to hatch geese. In the early stage of human hatching, because of the weight, volume, shell thickness and the structure of inner and outer shell membrane of goose eggs, the heating of goose eggs is relatively slow, so the temperature should be increased at the initial stage of hatching. In the later stage, due to the high fat content of goose eggs and high heat production, it is necessary to reduce the temperature appropriately. Shi Wen's principle should be: high in the early stage, flat in the middle, and low in the later stage. In order to reduce the temperature gradually, it is best to adopt four stages of hatching: 138,38.5 ℃ in 9 days, 3738 ℃ in 18 days, 36.5 ℃ in 28 days, 36.5 ℃ in 31 days.

4 pay attention to humidity and ventilation

The principle of controlling humidity is: high at both ends and flat in the middle. The high humidity in the early stage can make the breeding eggs heated well and evenly; in the middle stage, it is flat, which is beneficial to the metabolism of embryos; in the later stage and hatching stage, the purpose of improving humidity is to dissipate too much physiological heat and make the eggshell structure loose. Prevent villi from adhering to the eggshell so as to peck out the chicks. It is 65% 70% in the first 9 days, 60% in 18 days in the middle stage, 65% in 28 days in the later stage, and 72% in 29 days. But the humidity should not be too high. When the humidity exceeds 75% and poor ventilation, the embryo suffocates to death due to acidosis caused by poor gas exchange. Ventilation and electricity is a very important link, ventilation can bring enough oxygen, which is very beneficial to embryonic development, especially in the later stage of incubation to ensure adequate supply of oxygen. However, we should not pursue ventilation excessively, which will increase the difficulty and cost of temperature and humidity control. Generally speaking, it is appropriate for people to have no adverse reactions to the air in the incubation room.

5 pay attention to turning eggs, cold eggs and spraying water

Turning eggs can make eggs bathing and heating evenly and prevent shell film sticking. Generally turn eggs once every 2 to 3 hours, turning eggs at an angle of at least 45 degrees, until people hatch for 27 days before you can stop turning eggs. Goose eggs have large volume, large weight, high fat content, high heat production in the later stage, relatively small eggshell surface area, small stomata and slow heat dissipation, if they do not emit too much physiological heat in time, it may cause embryos to suffocate in the eggs, so it is very important to cool eggs in the later stage. Cold eggs can eliminate the accumulated heat in the eggs and enhance the gas exchange of embryos. It helps the embryo to get enough oxygen. Generally speaking, when hatching to the 26th day, the cold eggs are started, and the lid of the box is opened once a day; at 26th and 30th days, the eggs are cooled three times a day and four times a day. The length of time for cooling eggs should be controlled flexibly according to the situation. Generally, the temperature of the eggs should drop. When the temperature of the eggs drops to 35 ℃, they will continue to hatch.

Geese belong to waterfowl, so spraying water (fog) on eggs is a key measure in the later stage of hatching. The main functions of water spraying are as follows: first, to increase humidity and increase humidity requirements in the later stage of hatching; second, to destroy the shell membrane and increase permeability; third, to promote the continuous contraction and expansion of the eggshell and shell membrane, destroying their integrity; fourth, to cause the eggshell to be brittle, so that the goslings can break out of the shell. Spraying water usually begins 19 days after hatching, once a day, can be combined with cold eggs, the water temperature is 37 ℃, the water quality should be clean and hygienic, preferably warm water after boiling, it is appropriate to moisten the eggs thoroughly, and continue to hatch after spraying water.