Short-spike Cuttage Seedling technique of White Tea

White tea seedlings are generally raised by asexual short-spike cuttings. Experiments show that when white tea is raised with tea seeds, its offspring show character variation, that is, there is no periodic whitening in spring, and short-spike cuttings can maintain the characteristics of female parents. the progeny has the same characters, high reproduction coefficient and high survival rate. Considering the economic benefits of white tea, at present, there is no special mother garden, but both the mother garden and the picking garden. The cutting time is generally from September to October in autumn, during this period, the cuttings grow roots quickly, the seedling rate is high, and the management period is short, which is helpful to reduce the production cost.

I. cultivation of ear-picking mother trees

The white tea mother tree is pruned immediately after the spring tea is picked, cutting off the chicken claw branches and thin branches, and the pruning depth is to be able to grow sturdy branches. The management of fertilizer cultivation should be strengthened and the application rate of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be increased on the basis of sufficient nitrogen fertilizer (the amount of nitrogen fertilizer is the same as that of the same production tea garden), so as to enhance the meristem ability of new shoots. It is necessary to strengthen the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests and ensure the health and integrity of new shoots and leaves of mother trees. If it is expected that the tip of the cuttage has not yet formed a standing bud, topping should be carried out 10-15 days before cutting to artificially force the shoot to stop growing and promote its maturity. The production index of cuttings is red brown, and green hardwood is also the best.

II. Selection and arrangement of nursery sites

Nursery land should be selected in farmland or paddy fields with convenient transportation, flat terrain, adequate water supply and convenient drainage. The soil quality requires loose, slightly acidic sandy or light clayey soil. The former garden as tobacco, hemp and vegetables is not suitable to be used as a nursery. The seedling land should be turned over deeply in an all-round way, and the border should be made finely. The width of the border should be 100m / 200cm, the width of the border ditch should be 30ml / 40cm, the tunnel height should be 15-20cm, and the drainage ditch should be opened around the seedling land. The nursery land is generally treated with rotten cake fertilizer 100ml / mu and calcium superphosphate 20kg / mu. The fertilizer should be mixed well with the border soil, and then the border surface is covered with 6cm thick loose red soil or yellow soil. After paving, it is slightly suppressed for use in cutting.

Third, ear cutting and needle insertion

The branches cut from the white tea mother tree are placed in a cool and damp place to prevent excessive loss of water. Cut ears on the same day and cut them on the same day. The length of the cut ear is about 3 cm, and each ear should have a full axillary bud and a sound true leaf. The cut must be smooth and obliquely consistent with the leaf direction.

Cuttings are usually done before 10:00 in the morning or when the sun weakens in the afternoon. First, the border surface will be fully wet with water, and when the soil does not stick to the hand, the cuttings will be directly broadcast or obliquely inserted into the soil according to the row spacing of 710cm. The depth is appropriate to expose the petiole, and the soil will be slightly compacted while inserting. The distance between plants depends on the width of the leaves, so that the leaves should not cover each other. About 150000 cuttings per mu of nursery. Water thoroughly immediately after cutting.

Fourth, build a shed for shade

Greenhouse shading in seedling land can avoid strong sunlight, reduce surface wind speed, reduce water evaporation, and improve the survival rate of cuttage and seedling growth. It is generally covered with sunshade net, and the shed is 35mm high and 50cm high. The shading shed should be covered immediately after cutting.

5. Nursery management

1. Watering and drainage. Cuttings should be watered frequently before rooting to keep the soil moist and increase air humidity. Sunny morning and evening, cloudy days once a day, rainy days can not be watered, after heavy rain should pay attention to drainage. After cuttings take root, water them every other day or several days to keep the soil moist.

2. Management of shade shed. The shade shed should be inspected and repaired in time, and the transmittance should be increased after it is rooted. Due to the poor cold resistance of white strips, a thin film should be covered with winter to enhance the ground temperature and be removed when the air temperature picks up the following year.

3. Weeding and buds removal in time. Weeds on the border should be pulled out by hand in time, and weeds in the furrow can be sprayed with herbicides, but the herbicides can not touch the cuttings. The buds of tea seedlings should be removed by hand in time.

4. Timely fertilization. Although the seedlings can absorb some nutrients from the soil, it is necessary to apply appropriate amount of fertilizer because of the lack of primary roots. Fertilization should be mastered by stages for many times. When the cuttings are as long as 3ml / 4cm to form the first report group, the first fertilization is started, and then once a month. Fertilizer should be diluted and should be applied in combination with watering.

5. Prevention and control of diseases and pests. The common diseases and pests in seedling stage are small green leafhopper, tea aphid and leaf disease, so insecticides or fungicides should be sprayed in time. The spray should be sprayed at the level of the leaf surface after watering.

VI. Seedling emergence

White tea seedlings planted in autumn can generally be planted from October to November of the following year. According to the standard of Anji Baicha Bifang, tea seedlings above the second grade should have a height of 20ml 30cm, a stem diameter of 1.8mi 30mm, a root length of 4mi 12cm, and 8 leaves. There are no quarantine diseases and insect pests.