Directional Seedling raising technique of Acer truncatum

Tea-striped Acer is a deciduous large shrub or small tree of Acer family. It has beautiful leaves and fruits for ornamental use. The leaves are red in autumn, which is particularly eye-catching; the Samara just produced in summer is pink, very elegant and chic, and it is an excellent ornamental greening tree species in the north, which should be planted alone, arranged, planted in groups, or trimmed into hedges and plastic trees. Heilongjiang Province is mainly produced in Xiaoxinganling and the southern mountain area; it is distributed in Northeast, North and Northwest China; in addition, it is also distributed in Japan, Korea, Russia, East Siberia and Mongolia.

1 Botanical characteristics

Deciduous shrubs or small trees, up to 6m high. The bark is beige. Young branches green or purple-brown, old branches grayish yellow. Leaves opposite, ovate or long ovate-elliptic, long 5~9cm, broadly 3~6cm, usually 3-lobed or inconspicuously 5-lobed, or unlobed, middle lobe large and long, base rounded or subcordate, margin irregular sparsely doubly serrate, entire near base; petiole slender, 1.5~4cm. Flowers polygamous, terminal corymbose, many flowered, light green or yellowish. Samara dark brown, 2.5 × 3cm long; nutlets flattened, oblong, veined, hairy when young; wings ca. 2cm, sometimes purplish red, wings erect, spreading into acute angles or wings nearly parallel, overlapping. The florescence is from May to June. The fruit is ripe in September.

2 biological characteristics

Positive tree species, shade tolerance, cold tolerance, like wet soil, but resistant to dryness and barren, strong disease resistance, strong adaptability. It is often found on sunny slopes, river banks or wet grasslands below 800m above sea level, scattered or forming a jungle, and is also common on the edge of mixed trees on semi-sunny slopes or semi-shady slopes.

3Seedling cultivation

3.1 seed collection

Samara can be harvested when the Samara is mature and the pericarp turns yellowish brown. The seeds can be collected from September to March of the following year, and the fruit does not fall off. After the fruit is harvested, the fruit is spread out to dry, rubbed to remove the wings, and after air selection and removal of sundries, a long strip of fruit can be obtained, which is called seed in production and stored in a cold chamber. The weight of 1000 seeds is 95g and the germination rate is 60%.

3.2 seed treatment (accelerating germination)

30-40 days before spring sowing, soak the seeds in 30 ℃ 1% sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution for 2 hours and cool naturally; at the same time, rub the seeds with hands, then soak the seeds in clean cold water for 3 to 5 days, change water once a day, and after 3 to 5 days, soak the seeds in 0.5% potassium permanganate solution for 3 hours, and remove the seeds. After washing the solution with clean water, the seeds were mixed into 3 times the volume of clean wet river sand, and the seed-sand mixture was placed at a low temperature of 5: 10 ℃, keeping 60% humidity. After 30 days, the seeds began to crack, and the seeds could be sown when there was a 1 inch and 3 seeds.

3.3 sowing

The sowing land should select loam and sandy loam with fertile soil and good drainage, and the autumn soil preparation should be carried out in advance. Fertilize and rake the ground about 10 days before spring sowing, and then make a bed. The nursery bed is 20m long, 30m wide, 110cm wide, 15cm high and trail wide 50cm. The bed surface is raked fine and leveled, then watered once, and the seeds can be sown when the water permeates and the bed surface dries up a little. Using the bed noodle sowing method, sowing rate 50g/ square meters, 18kg/ mu (667square meters), covering soil thick 1.5cm, watering after suppression, and then covering the bed with fine grass or sawdust and other coverings to keep the bed moist.

3.4 Seedling stage management

The seeds can be germinated and unearthed about 15 days after sowing, and the seedlings can be kept for the first time when the seedlings grow to 2cm high, and when the seedlings grow to high 4~5cm, the seedlings can be fixed and 150 seedlings / square meters can be retained. Watering the seedlings in time, applying nitrogen fertilizer once after 2-3 days, and weeding and loosening the soil at the right time. In the same year, the seedling height 60~90cm, seedling yield 150plants / square meter, 54000 plants / mu (667square meters). One-year-old seedlings can also stay in bed to grow for 1 ~ 2 years according to the need. During the period of staying in bed, nitrogen fertilizer should be applied twice, weeding and loosening soil should be timely. 2-year-old seedlings have high 90~140cm and 3-year-old seedlings have high 130~170cm.

4 directional nursery

4.1 for hedges and molds

The seedlings used for the construction of hedgerows and patterns require that the seedlings have many branches, low branching points, uniform branch thickness and uniform branch length, and are often planted with 1-year-old seedlings. Therefore, during the period of seedling cultivation, the seedlings should be fixed when the seedlings grow to a high 4~5cm, and at the same time, the seedlings should be pinched, 100 seedlings per square meter should be retained, and the seedlings should be managed as if. In the same year, the seedling height was 30~50cm, the branches were 3 to 5, and the seedling yield was 36000 plants / mu.

4.2 for reshaping trees

During the period of seedling cultivation, the seedlings should not be pinched, but the seedlings should be kept in bed for 1 ~ 2 years and 100 seedlings per square meter, which should be managed according to the general seedlings. The cultivation of seedlings for plastic trees should also choose loam and sandy loam with fertile soil and good drainage, and soil preparation and fertilization should be carried out before planting. In spring, 2 ~ 3-year-old bed seedlings were used for ridge seedling raising, ridge width 60~70cm, plant spacing 100cm, seedlings should be upright and trampled. Before planting, the root system of the seedling was pruned to retain the root length 12~15cm. The seedlings were dried from the second year after planting, and the height of the fixed stem was 60~120cm. The seedlings should be trimmed and shaped in the second year after drying. After 2-3 years of shaping, the shape of the seedlings is basically fixed, and they can be planted in the nursery in the autumn of the same year or in the spring of the next year. For the plastic tree seedlings that do not need to be high under the branches, the pointed seedlings can also be cultivated on the ridge. the seedlings can be trimmed and shaped from the second year of planting, and the seedlings can be planted out of the nursery after 4 or 5 years of planting.

4.3 ornamental shrubs

In spring, the one-year-old seedlings without pinching were cultivated on the ridge, the plant spacing was 60cm, and the stubble was flat and high 10cm after planting. In June, when the lateral branches grew to 10~20cm, three strong lateral branches were selected and left, the others were all cut off, and the remaining three lateral branches were evenly distributed as far as possible. Timely weeding and loosening the soil, topdressing nitrogen fertilizer once a year, the seedlings can be planted out of the nursery after 3 years, and the seedlings are high 120~150cm at this time.

4.4 ornamental trees and road greening

In spring, 2 ~ 3-year-old bed seedlings without pinching tip are planted on ridges separated by ridges with plant spacing 80cm, empty ridges can be used to plant evergreen tree species such as Picea koraiensis, Picea green cuttings, etc., with height 20~30cm and plant spacing of 50cm; it can also plant dwarf flower and shrub seedlings of Liaodong water wax trees, cloves, etc., with plant spacing 40cm, in order to make full use of land resources. After planting, weeding, loosening the soil and topdressing nitrogen fertilizer should be carried out twice a year from May to July to promote the healthy growth of seedlings. From the second year after planting, the seedlings should be properly pruned every year, mainly to cut the large side branches that affect the growth of the main stem of the seedlings and to cut off all the side branches and sprouting branches within the lower part of the seedlings. If the growth of the main branch is weak or the main branch is damaged, a large lateral branch with strong growth can be selected instead of the main branch. According to the need, the seedlings can also be dried from the second year after planting, and the height of the seedlings can be fixed to 120~160cm. The seedlings can be planted in the nursery after 3 or 4 years, and the ground diameter of the seedlings can reach 3~4cm, so the landscaping should be transplanted with soil.