Artificial cultivation techniques of Ganoderma lucidum

Ganoderma lucidum is known as "auspicious grass", and it is also known as a panacea that can "bring the dead back to life" in myths and legends. Modern medicine has also proved that it has many pharmacological functions and has high medicinal value.

1. Biological characteristics of Ganoderma lucidum

Ganoderma lucidum is a wood-rotting macrofungus, which belongs to the genus Ganoderma lucidum of the family Polyporaceae. There are 50 species of Ganoderma lucidum and 41 species of Ganoderma lucidum distributed in China. The more common Ganoderma lucidum are Ganoderma lucidum, pine Ganoderma lucidum, black Ganoderma lucidum, Ganoderma lucidum and so on. The mycelium of Ganoderma lucidum is white fluffy, and a layer of white crystalline secretion can be seen on the surface of Ganoderma lucidum under microscope, which is composed of calcium oxalate. This is different from other edible fungi. The fruiting body of Ganoderma lucidum is umbrella-shaped, woody or corky, the cover surface has a hard shell, with ring-shaped or radiation-shaped ribs, purplish red or brownish red, shiny; there is a bacterial tube under the lid, perpendicular to the ground; the stalk is a cylindrical irregular, often curved, lateral, with the same color as the cap, and the cap often develops on one side of the stalk.

two。 Conditions for the growth and development of Ganoderma lucidum

(1) the mycelium of Ganoderma lucidum could grow at the temperature of 6-35 ℃, but grew faster in the range of 28-30 ℃, slowed down gradually with the decrease of temperature below 25 ℃, slowed down gradually with the increase of temperature of 30-35 ℃, and died quickly when the temperature was above 35 ℃. The fruiting body may develop between 23 and 30 ℃, and about 25 ℃ is the most suitable for development.

(2) humidity in artificial cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum, humidity has two meanings: one is that the water content of the culture material is about 60%, and the other is that the relative humidity of the air during the occurrence of the fruiting body should be between 85% and 95%. Too high or too low humidity will have adverse effects on the development of the fruiting body.

(3) the acidity and alkalinity of Ganoderma lucidum prefer slightly acidic conditions, and the soil pH value is about 5 to 6.

(4) the mycelium of Ganoderma lucidum grew faster in complete darkness than in light, and the strong light had obvious inhibitory effect on the growth of mycelium. Different light quality also had different effects on mycelium, the inhibition of red light was small and that of yellow light was great.

The development of fruiting body of Ganoderma lucidum is very sensitive to light, although it can produce fruiting body from no light to strong light, but the shape of fruiting body changes greatly.

(5) Ganoderma lucidum in the air is an aerobic fungus. When the concentration of carbon dioxide in the air reaches 0.1% (the normal content is 0.03%), it can obviously promote the growth of the stalk, while it can obviously inhibit the growth of the cap, even without growing the cap.

(6) nutrition. Ganoderma lucidum is a kind of wood-rot fungus. The nutrients needed in the whole growth process are basically the same as those of Lentinus edodes, Pleurotus ostreatus and other wood-rot fungi, and the source of nutrition is basically the same. Carbon nutrition is mainly provided by sawdust, cottonseed shell and all kinds of straw. Nitrogen and auxin nutrients are provided by wheat bran, rice bran, bean cake, corn meal and so on. Minerals are mainly calcium, magnesium, sulfur, phosphorus and so on, and appropriate amounts of trace elements are needed.

3. Artificial cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum

(1) medium formula commonly used in artificial cultivation: 73% of ① sawdust, 25% of wheat bran, 1% of sugar, 1% of gypsum, 1% of water (about 60%). ② fresh wine lees 70%, miscellaneous sawdust 10%, corn meal 10%, rice bran 8%, lime 1%, calcium superphosphate 1%, sugar 1%, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 0.2%. If tofu water, soy milk and soy sauce can be added to the culture medium, and bean curd residue or hickory inner shell can be used as culture medium, the effect will be better.

(2) material selection and culture bottle preparation whether sawdust or wheat bran are required to be fresh and set aside after drying. Never use lumpy and moldy sawdust or wheat bran. Mushroom bottles are generally used in cultivation bottles, but the cost is high, so they can be replaced by waste beer bottles that cut off the bottleneck. You can use an iron hoop with an inner diameter of 3 cm with a handle, put it on the red charcoal and immediately cover the bottleneck, and constantly rotate the bottle to let it be heated evenly, and then dip it in cold water prepared in advance to cut it off. At the same time, another person will pour the mouth of the cut bottle with an iron to avoid hurting his hand. The large mouth of the bottle is convenient for bottling, which is more conducive to the improvement of ventilation and the growth and development of hyphae.

(3) the bottling of the culture material should be tight rather than loose, and should be adjusted evenly up and down. If it is too loose, the absorption of nutrients in the medium during the growth process of the fruiting body will often lead to the aerial phenomenon, which will seriously affect the further growth of the fruiting body, which is not conducive to high yield. When filling, it is required to press the material to the shoulder of the bottle, too shallow is not good; then wash away or brush off the culture material outside the bottle with a bottle brush and plug the cotton stopper.

(4) Disinfection in rural areas is mostly carried out by atmospheric pressure disinfection or steam disinfection, usually lasting for two hours under 100 ℃ steam and stuffy overnight, in order to use waste heat to dry cotton plugs.

(5) the inoculation should be operated under aseptic conditions. Because the temperature is already high and miscellaneous bacteria are active frequently during the production period, it should be carried out in the inoculation box in the second half of the night or early morning when the temperature is low. The original seed should be kept as a whole (broad bean size) to avoid or reduce the bifurcation of the fruiting body.

(6) manage the growth and development of the mycelium of Ganoderma lucidum in bottles (the bacteria should be dark), the fruiting body elbows are gradually formed in the fruiting body buds, the temperature is controlled at 28 ℃, and the air is kept fresh to avoid growth deformities. The development of Ganoderma lucidum fruiting body does not need direct light, but scattered light, and the fruiting body has obvious phototropism. In the process of fruiting body formation, its growth point is always toward the light source, so the culture bottle should be placed vertically, generally about 40 bottles per square meter.

(7) after bagging for 50-60 days, the growing point at the edge of the fruiting body gradually disappeared, and the bagging should be grasped when the spores began to eject. Bagging should be timely, too old spores will eject, affecting the yield, too tender easy to stick to the bag. And should be careful according to the direction of Ganoderma lucidum growth bag, do not stick to the bag, otherwise Ganoderma lucidum will grow out of the bag, affecting the increase of output. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen humidity management. Under the conditions of growth and development of Ganoderma lucidum, it can be harvested after one month.