High-yield cultivation techniques of Ganoderma lucidum

First, the preparation of Ganoderma lucidum shed according to the biological characteristics of Ganoderma lucidum, choose special Ganoderma lucidum shed or civil house with heat preservation, moisturizing, good ventilation, appropriate amount of light and smooth drainage, the floor is clean and the walls are smooth and moisture-resistant. Before the cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum into the shed, the shed should be strictly sterilized. Every cubic meter of space should be fumigated with formaldehyde 5ml and potassium permanganate 10g for 24 hours. Second, the selection of the formula of cultivation materials all over the country can use local materials according to local conditions and choose the formula that is suitable for the region. 1. 77% of cottonseed hull, 10% of wheat bran, 10% of corn meal, 1% of sugar, phosphorus, fertilizer and gypsum, 1% of sugar, phosphorus, fertilizer and gypsum, 89% of cottonseed hull, 10% of wheat bran, 1% of gypsum, 70% of sawdust, 25% of wheat bran, 2% of soybean powder, 1% of phosphate fertilizer, 1.5% of gypsum and 0.5% of sugar, 50% of corncob, 35% of miscellaneous sawdust and 15% of wheat bran. Third, the production of cultivation materials culture medium, can not use pine, cypress, fir and camphor trees and other sawdust, because it contains harmful substances harmful to the growth of Ganoderma lucidum. In the preparation of cultivation materials, first mix cottonseed hull, sawdust, wheat bran, gypsum powder and other materials, containing 60% of water and 65% of water. Mix the material and bag it. Each bag contains about 400 grams of dry material. The polyethylene bag material was sterilized under atmospheric pressure for 10 hours, and the polypropylene bag was sterilized under high pressure for 2 hours. The material was cooled to less than 30 ℃ and transferred to a sterile box or sterile room for inoculation. Fumigate with formaldehyde and potassium permanganate before inoculation, turn on the UV light for 40 minutes, and then inoculate under aseptic operation. Generally, a bottle of wheat seed can receive about 40 bags, and a bottle of cottonseed hull can receive about 30 bags. Transfer the inoculated bacterial bags into the sterilized culture room and discharge them layer by layer. Generally, there are 7 layers for each discharge, and there is a pedestrian passage between the shelves. 4. Management technology 1. During the germicidal stage, the culture room is kept at 20 ℃, the air relative humidity is 40%, the air is ventilated for half an hour every day, and the bacterial bag is moved up and down every 3 mi 4 days to maintain the temperature balance between the upper and lower bags, check and prevent miscellaneous bacterial pollution. When the mycelium reaches 2 / 3, move into the culture shed, unlock the mouth of the bag, loosen it with your hand, and leave some gaps. Indoor astigmatism can be used to avoid strong light. Generally, the mycelium can grow all over the bacterial bag after about 30 days. 2. When Ganoderma lucidum is managed by Ganoderma lucidum, the greenhouse temperature is maintained at 26Mui 30 ℃, the air relative humidity is increased to 90Mel 95%, and scattered light and sufficient oxygen are provided; the ground is kept in shallow water, and water is sprayed into the walls and space 3 times a day. There is a change of air before 10:00 and after 4 pm, and from 11:00 to 2 pm when the temperature is low. The primordium was enlarged for 5 days, and the bacterial cap was gradually formed. when the bacterial cap grew 3 times, the amount of spraying water should be increased. The cap changes from white → light yellow → yellow → to reddish brown. When the edge of the cap disappears white, the edge turns red, and the reddish-brown spore powder is released on the back, it indicates that the fruiting body is mature and can be harvested in time. 3. Harvest and post-harvest management of Ganoderma lucidum. Stop spraying water 7 days before Ganoderma lucidum harvest, close the vents, and cover the ground passageway with plastic film in order to collect the sporopollen. When harvesting Ganoderma lucidum, cut it off from the base of the handle with scissors or gently pick it by hand, dry it to 10% of the water content, keep it in a dry room or sell it in a bag. After harvesting the first crop of Ganoderma lucidum, remove the old fungus skin from the mouth of the bag, stop spraying water for 3 days, increase the humidity to about 90 ℃, and the temperature remains at 2629 min. After 10 days, the fruiting body can be produced in the original fungal stalk director, and the fruit body can be cultivated and managed according to the method of the previous stage. The second crop of Ganoderma lucidum can be harvested in about 25 days, and 3 crops can be harvested generally. The first crop grows best, but the next few crops grow worse. The climate temperature is different in different places, and the use of natural temperature in North China is suitable for planting in April and May, and it will be planted once a year in July and August.