Balanced Nutrition to ensure High yield and efficiency of Edible Fungi

High yield and high efficiency of edible fungi cultivation is the urgent desire of the majority of mushroom farmers and the research topic of scientific and technological workers of edible fungi. However, since the 1990s, the cultivation yield of most mushroom farmers has stagnated, resulting in a small increase in production benefits. Take Pleurotus ostreatus as an example, the production model of the 1990s or even the 1980s has been followed for many years. The total biological efficiency has been about 100% or even lower than 80% after 3~5 months of cultivation and management. Such a long management time and such a low yield level, even if calculated according to the variable price of inflation, its benefit is also very low, seriously affecting the smooth development of edible mushroom industrialization.

After relevant expert research found that there are three main reasons for the low yield:

First, the nutrient composition of raw materials is seriously unbalanced. Through many years of research and investigation, we believe that the lack of nutrition or the change of nutritional components of cultivated raw materials is one of the main factors restricting the yield of edible fungi.

Second, the strain itself carries virus germs, and the species is degraded.

Third, the gradual deterioration of the cultivation environment, high germ base. In view of the above reasons, we transplant the "barrel theory" in nutrition to the cultivation of edible fungi, that is, the various components of the required nutrients are like the wooden boards that make up the barrel, and the height is required to reach the maximum water holding capacity; a large number of pilot tests have proved that: "Edible mushroom three-dimensional nutrient essence" can solve the practical problems of low cultivation yield and low quality. At present, it has been promoted to most areas of Shandong and Hebei, Jiangsu, Henan, Anhui, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Hunan, Hubei, Guangxi, Guizhou and Northeast China. The general yield increase rate is above 30%, which has been recognized and welcomed by the majority of mushroom farmers.

1. Mixing type: According to the quantity and proportion of medium and trace elements required by edible fungi, the edible fungi are mainly prepared from medium and trace elements and supplemented by other elements, and each bag can be mixed with cottonseed hull material of 250kg; when raw materials are cultivated, only dissolving them in water and uniformly mixing them can be done; when fermented materials are cultivated, fermentation treatment is carried out first, and after fermentation is completed, three-dimensional nutrient essence is dissolved in water and uniformly mixed; when clinker is cultivated, the materials can be packaged after uniform mixing, sterilization and other operations are conventional. The basic formula is as follows: cottonseed hull 250kg, calcium superphosphate 5kg, urea 0.75kg, gypsum powder 3.75kg, edible mushroom three-dimensional nutrient essence 1 bag. Summer sowing or fermentation, can add lime powder 2.5~5 kg, actual production, can be adjusted according to the specific conditions of raw materials.

II. Spraying type: Each bag can spray 15 kg of water (i.e. a sprayer water) directly on the fruiting body. If calculated according to the quantity of raw materials, it can spray about 1000~1500 kg of material, which is the dosage during the first tide of fruiting concentration. Some mushroom farmers also spray in the second tide and the third tide, which should be controlled flexibly according to the number of fruiting bodies. Three points need to be emphasized: First, the temperature of water should be 25~32℃, and the temperature of low temperature season should be 25℃. The temperature of high temperature season can be adjusted to 32℃. Second, the sprayer should be clean, especially do not use a sprayer that has not been thoroughly cleaned after spraying a disinfectant. Third, each tide mushroom spray 3 times to achieve the best use effect, do not use too much; with good liquid medicine should be used up, must not be used overnight.

III. Additional notes

1. Protection against strong alkali. When mixing materials, be careful not to add too much alkaline substances such as lime. When it is necessary to add, mix lime with raw materials first, and then add three-dimensional nutrients to avoid direct contact.

2. Pay attention to the temperature of the bacteria bag. After adding three-dimensional nutrient essence, the mycelium is thick, the mycelium quantity is large, the bacteria growth speed is fast, and the bag will inevitably produce higher biological heat. If it is managed according to the routine, there will be the possibility of "burning bacteria". Therefore, attention should be paid to the cooling of the bacteria growth site, and frequent inspection and frequent turning of the bag; if the bacteria are generated at a temperature above 15℃, in addition to effective shade and ventilation, the most direct method is to irrigate the shed first, and then transfer the bacteria bag to conduct bacteria growth management after the water infiltrates.

3. Strengthen post-ripening culture. Although the speed of mycelium development is fast and the quantity of mycelium is large after using three-dimensional essence, it does not mean that the mycelium has matured after the surface of the fungus bag is covered with mycelium. Therefore, after the fungus development is completed, favorable environmental conditions should be created to make the fungus bag continue to mature, so that the mycelium can decompose more substrate nutrition, develop more mycelium quantity and accumulate more biological energy. When most of the fungus bags have primordia, adjust the temperature, water and gas conditions to make them enter the fruiting stage. Once fruiting, It can form a scene of "mushroom explosion", which is expressed in the words of mushroom farmers as "not even fingers can be inserted after mushroom production"; the biological efficiency of general first tide mushrooms can be above 100%, and individual mushrooms can exceed 160%.