Practice and experience Summary of Edible Mushroom Technology Popularization in Qingyuan County

As a traditional pillar industry in Qingyuan County, edible fungus has the advantages of short cycle, quick effect and high ratio of input to output, which is of great significance to revitalize the rural economy in producing areas and accelerate the pace of farmers in poor mountainous areas to shake off poverty and become well-off. Strengthening the popularization of edible mushroom technology and speeding up the transformation of edible mushroom scientific and technological achievements are the prerequisites to ensure the healthy and orderly development of edible mushroom industry in our county. According to the practice of technical promotion of edible fungi in recent years, the author summarized the successful experience of technical promotion of edible fungi in our county, which can be used as a reference for the majority of edible fungi.

1 take science and technology as the forerunner and make a good technical reserve

Qingyuan Edible Mushroom Industry is based on Qingyuan County Edible Mushroom Scientific Research Center, which is an advanced scientific research unit of national edible fungi. With it as a scientific and technological platform such as "National Edible Mushroom Spark Technology intensive area", Zhejiang key Laboratory and Test Base-"Provincial Edible Mushroom Development pilot Base", it has successively undertaken and completed 1 national key scientific and technological research project, 2 national spark projects and 19 provincial projects. 25 projects at prefectural and county level According to the identification of experts, 14 results reached the leading level of similar research in China, 4 new strains of Lentinus edodes were selected successfully (241,44,939, 9015, Qingke 20), and 12 wild rare bacteria varieties such as long root mushroom and bovine tongue fungus were domesticated and cultivated successfully. The technical reserve of a series of new technologies and varieties of edible fungi mentioned above provides a strong technical guarantee for the popularization of edible mushroom technology in the whole county.

(2) to carry out the science popularization of edible fungi to improve the technical level of mushroom farmers.

Qingyuan scientific and technological personnel adopt the technical promotion method of "prenatal technical training, technical guidance in childbirth, and post-natal @ 136 technical services" to carry out the popularization of edible fungus technology. Since 1998, Qingyuan County Edible Mushroom Scientific Research Center has organized and implemented the "County-wide Edible Mushroom 100 Village training" project, which has completed the rotation training of edible fungus technology in 345 administrative villages in the county every three years. According to the reality of altitude, climate difference and cultivation time in different cultivation areas, extension personnel carry out multi-level and multi-form technical training in pieces, and teach new technology to mushroom farmers in the form of lectures, pictures, exhibitions, on-the-spot meetings, and make full use of scientific and technological distance education platform, radio, newsletters, cable TV stations, blackboard newspapers and other news media to carry out publicity. Comprehensive technical training was carried out for grass-roots cadres and mushroom farmers throughout the county in batches and at different levels. It has held more than 970 technical training courses throughout the county, trained more than 25000 mushroom farmers, and distributed more than 40, 000 copies of technical materials and more than 400 CD-ROMs of scientific and educational films free of charge. Through popular science training, edible mushroom technology has been popularized in an all-round way, and the cultivation technology level of mushroom farmers and township cadres has been improved in an all-round way.

(3) to build demonstration bases, demonstration films and demonstration households to promote development on the basis of points and areas.

The training and guidance of demonstration bases, demonstration films and demonstration households is the focus and core of the county's technology extension work, through their radiation effect, it can influence and promote the recognition, acceptance, popularization and popularization of the new technology of edible fungi by the majority of mushroom farmers in the county. We adopt the method of stage-by-stage training for the mushroom farmers where the demonstration film and demonstration base are located, organize technical training from time to time, so that they can master at least five kinds of cultivation techniques of edible fungi, and provide long-term technical guidance to solve various problems encountered in cultivation and production to ensure that cultivation and production are carried out in an orderly manner.

In order to speed up the popularization of standardized production technology of Lentinus edodes in Qingyuan County, our county has organized and implemented the "114th" Plan of Lentinus edodes production since 2005. According to the requirements of Qing Zhengfa [2005] No. 58 "opinions on the implementation of the" 114 "Plan for the production of Lentinus edodes It is planned to set up 100 core demonstration bases of Lentinus edodes standardized production (cultivation scale more than 300000 bags) and scale demonstration households (cultivation scale more than 20, 000 bags) in the county every year. The county promotes 40 million bags of Lentinus edodes standardized production scale (accounting for 50% of the total annual cultivation in the county).

(4) perfecting the technology promotion network and speeding up the development process of edible fungus industrialization.

Improve and perfect the technical extension system composed of counties, townships and villages, with the county edible fungi scientific research center responsible for the technical extension work of the whole county, under the planning guidance of the county government, the county agricultural bureau and the county edible mushroom office, and set up township edible mushroom offices. Select agrotechnical cadres with theoretical and practical knowledge of edible fungi as special managers of edible fungi to be responsible for arranging technical training and demonstration work in the township. Establish demonstration households and key households of edible fungi at the village level, through them, drive other mushroom farmers to develop various kinds of edible fungi, and organize mushroom farmers at the county and township level to hold on-the-spot meetings, observe demonstration bases, and send science and technology to the countryside to promote new technologies.

(5) to establish the system of joint bases and large households.

Qingyuan County implements the system of technical backbone joint bases and joint large households, and each technical backbone must go to the demonstration film and demonstration base to contact 1 / 2 large cultivation demonstration families, stay there for a long time and provide technical guidance from time to time, so as to promote the construction of demonstration films with the exemplary role of large cultivation demonstration families. From the actual situation, this system is effective, each cultivation demonstration family has become the technical leader of each demonstration film. Qingyuan County Edible Fungi Scientific Research Center has successively set up 57 new technology demonstration sites for all kinds of edible fungi in 20 villages and towns throughout the county, and sent 231 technicians to the demonstration sites for guidance. Through the radiation effect of the demonstration households and demonstration sites, the new technologies of edible fungi have been rapidly popularized in the whole county.

(6) to build a scientific and technological information system to serve the popularization of edible fungus technology.

Qingyuan County Edible Fungi Research Center has done a lot of work in the edible mushroom information service system, and achieved remarkable results. First, successfully established "China Edible Mushroom Network"; second, established the publication "Qingyuan Edible Mushroom"; third, jointly established "Qingyuan Edible Mushroom Science and Technology distance Education platform" with the County Science and Technology Bureau, and implemented the "Edible Mushroom Rural distance Education" plan. Fourth, five scientific and educational films such as "standardized cultivation techniques of Qingyuan Lentinus edodes", "cultivation techniques of Grifola frondosa" and "semi-raw sterilization technology of edible fungi" were jointly produced with Zhejiang Institute of Science and Technology Information and Lishui Science and Technology Bureau.

Through the above information carrier, the latest information and industry dynamics in the technical field and product market sales field of edible fungi can be provided to the producers and operators of edible fungi timely and quickly, which overcomes the blindness and ensures the order of production and sales.

7 cultivate and support the leading enterprises of edible fungi to promote the healthy development of the industry

Qingyuan has created and cultivated a number of leading enterprises such as Dashanhe Group, Zhejiang Fangge Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Zhejiang Baixing Food, Zhejiang Xianfeng Food and so on, which have great influence on the edible mushroom industry in the province and even in the whole country. they adopt the production and management mode of "scientific research institute + company + base ten farmers". Therefore, as the technical support units of these enterprises, scientific research institutions provide strong technical support for their edible mushroom base construction and production technical guidance, thus effectively promoting the popularization and application of technological achievements and promoting the healthy development of edible mushroom industry.

8 there are problems or deficiencies

8.1 the technology extension service system still needs to be improved. At present, the "county-township-village" three-level technology extension system has a situation of "hot at both ends and cold in the middle", that is, the promotion organization at the county level is relatively sound, and the operation is relatively normal and orderly; as the object of service, the village and household level have a strong demand for science and technology, and can actively organize and cooperate with the promotion work. On the other hand, the full-time staff of the first-level edible fungi in villages and towns often have to undertake more other comprehensive affairs, so they can not fully serve the promotion of edible fungus technology.

8.2 the funds for technology promotion are relatively insufficient, the local finance and science and technology in Qingyuan County are short of funds, and the funds for the technical promotion of edible fungi are relatively small, which is not compatible with a large number of promotion tasks undertaken by the technical extension departments. to a certain extent, it affects the normal development of technology promotion work.

8.3 the influence of the industrial situation on the technology promotion work the market situation of the edible mushroom industry directly affects whether the technology promotion work is smooth or not. For example, in recent years, the market of Lentinus edodes is in the doldrums, and many mushroom farmers have reduced their confidence and enthusiasm in the production of Lentinus edodes, thus affecting the development of technical promotion work.