Measures to eliminate Diseases of Edible Fungi in Autumn and Winter

1. Control measures at the stage of strain The high humidity conditions are extremely unfavorable to the production of strains. First, the first-class cotton plug is wet, so that the water content in the sterilization stage cannot be evaporated, and the cotton plug continues to absorb water through respiration. The cotton plug after moisture is easily infected with miscellaneous bacteria; Secondly, the respiratory metabolism of the second-class cotton plug is insufficient, which seriously affects the vitality of hyphae. The surface characteristic is that there seems to be fog around the bottle of bacteria, just like washing, and the hyphae are weak and weak; Third, the third class cotton plug is directly connected with the outside world, showing that the hyphae are slender and grow slowly. The hand-held bag has a wet and heavy feeling. At present, Trichoderma and Alternaria are the most common in the early stage, and Mucor and Aspergillus flavus are the most common in the late stage. This kind of miscellaneous bacteria causes continuous pollution to future production, especially the toxin secreted by Aspergillus flavus is a strong carcinogen, which is extremely harmful to human body. The introduction or producer should pay great attention to it.

1.1 The temperature of the air conditioner in the culture room for cooling and dehumidifying bacteria is regulated below 25℃, and the function of "moisture removal" is turned on to reduce the air humidity of the culture room to below 70%; if the "greenhouse water temperature air conditioner" is used, the wind direction and wind force should be scientifically arranged, and the air change should be carried out every 3 days.

1.2 The drug prevention culture room is sprayed once every 5 days or so to eliminate all diseases, so as to kill the spores of miscellaneous bacteria brought into the room with the air flow and human body.

1.3 The quicklime block is placed at the corner of the room to absorb the indoor moisture and reduce the air humidity. However, quicklime decomposition releases a lot of heat and carbon dioxide, therefore, the implementation of this measure at the same time, must be synchronized with the implementation of cooling, ventilation measures to make indoor air fresh. In addition, charcoal has strong water absorption power. If charcoal is purchased indoors, the charcoal surface can be sprayed with all diseases to eliminate trace sterilization treatment. According to indoor humidity, it should be replaced every 5 days or so. The material can be recycled.

2. Control measures in cultivation stage: The success rate of fungus growth was greatly reduced due to the influence of high humidity, mainly manifested as slow fungus growth, hypha weakness and high pollution rate.

2.1 Detoxification of strains and preparation of base materials Detoxification strains can ensure that they do not carry virus germs and effectively improve resistance, which is the basis of production. The results showed that every 250 kg cottonseed hull raw material, adding 1 bag of edible mushroom three-dimensional nutrient essence (mixed type), can obtain many effects such as vigorous mycelium, increased resistance, accelerated growth rate, greatly reduced pollution incidence rate, etc.

2.2 Thorough disinfection and sterilization in strict culture and disinfection culture shed is one of the important guarantee conditions for successful bacteria development. During production, spraying Baibing Quwu Trace in the culture room (shed) can be started after 2 days of sealing. During the period of bacteria development, spraying Baibing Quwu Trace or Mushroom Shabingling every 5 days is an effective preventive measure.

2.3 On the one hand, adhere to the fine weather in the evening and morning ventilation, so that the air fresh; on the other hand, the culture room, the shed placed quicklime block, so that humidity, but should pay attention to, in the absence of air conditioning cooling conditions, should take measures such as forced ventilation, careful management, to ensure the success of the bacteria.

3. Control measures in fruiting stage The practice proves that the traditional concept of emphasizing "treatment" over "prevention" and adhering to the principle of "prevention first, prevention and control equally" can achieve twice the result with half the effort.

3.1 On the basis of cleaning and sanitation, 800 times of carbendazim and dichlorvos liquid medicine were sprayed outside the mushroom shed to kill both bacteria and insects. The shed can be used to eliminate all diseases without trace sterilization. It can be sprayed carpet-type according to the dosage of 1 bag per 20 square meters of ground. The environment is poor. The old cultivation shed can be sprayed twice in succession. It can be used after 2 days of exposure.

3.2 During the period of bacteria growth, when adding mushroom disease elimination (clinker cultivation to ensure success) drugs, the effect of inhibiting and killing impurities is good, and the drug residue is low. Generally, each bag can be mixed with 50 kg of dry material, which can effectively reduce the pollution rate of bacteria. During the fruiting stage, drugs are regularly used to maintain a good environment. Generally, it can be used to spray the mushroom shed preventively, spraying once every 5~7 days to inhibit or kill the pathogenic bacteria later, so as to keep the environment relatively clean.

3.3 Discovered diseases thoroughly kill the above measures supporting use, in today's deteriorating environment, it is still difficult to ensure that 100% of the disease does not occur, therefore, production should pay attention to observation, found that bacteria bags have signs of bacteria, that is, should be used on the affected part of the use of Xiaomei Wang and other drugs to kill; when the fruit body first disease, that is, according to the disease performance or pathogenic bacteria species to be used, generally can use Huanggu Yipenling, mushroom killing disease Ling, etc., avoid "emergency medical treatment."