Control methods of four kinds of Diseases of Edible Fungi

1. Brown rot. Also known as vesicular disease, wet bubble disease. Mainly harmful to mushrooms, straw mushrooms, Pleurotus ostreatus and so on. The disease is caused by the pathogen of Alternaria verrucosa.

Main features: the conidia and chlamydospores of verrucosporium only infect the fruiting body, not the mycelium. When the fruiting body is slightly infected, the stalk is swollen into a bubble deformity, so it is called wet bubble disease. However, the disease is different at different stages of fruiting body development. When the fruiting body is infected when it is undifferentiated, there is an irregular tissue mass such as a hard skin, covered with white fluffy hyphae, and gradually turns dark brown, often oozing dark black juice droplets. After the differentiation of the cap and stalk, the stalk turned brown, and there were two kinds of white mycelial growth on the fold of the infection.

Route of transmission: Alternaria verrucosa is a common soil fungus, and the soil and waste around the mushroom house are its source of disease. Alternaria verrucosa is mainly transmitted to the fungus bed and clot by covering soil, air, operators, tools, insects, mice and so on.

Control measures: if the covered soil is contaminated by verrucosporium, Pasteur sterilization (60 ℃) can be used for 1 hour, or 4% formaldehyde can be used to disinfect the covered soil, and 1 ∶ 500 carbendazim solution or topiramate solution can be sprayed in the covered soil. When the disease begins, stop spraying water immediately, increase the ventilation rate of the mushroom room, and spray 1% 2% formaldehyde solution or 1 ∶ 500 carbendazim solution on the culture rack, wall and ground to sterilize. When the disease is serious, remove the covered soil, replace the new soil, destroy the diseased mushrooms, and all the tools should be disinfected in a formaldehyde solution with a concentration of 4%.

two。 Fusarium wilt. Also known as death blight, is a physiological disease. It mainly harms mushrooms, Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus ostreatus and so on.

Main features: after the mushroom bud is formed, the disease can occur in fruiting bodies of different sizes. Stop growing after the disease, yellowing, atrophy, softening, drying, and finally withered or rotted.

Etiology: the occurrence of the disease is the result of physiological obstruction. The main reason is that the culture material is too dry after the formation of the primordium, which makes the mushroom bud wither; or the mushroom is too dense and the nutrition supply is not enough, so that some small mushrooms die; or the temperature of the mushroom room is too high, the humidity is too high, and the ventilation is not good, the content of carbon dioxide in the air is too much; and accidentally hurt the small mushroom bud when picking mushrooms, the disease will occur.

Prevention and control measures: when the fruiting body appears wilting, we should first find out the cause of the disease and take corresponding measures. Do not spray in the mushroom room after mushroom production, otherwise it is easy to cause drug damage. In particular, Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus ostreatus should not be sprayed with dichlorvos during mushroom production.

3. Malformed mushroom disease. Physiological diseases. When edible fungi encounter adverse environment during the formation of fruiting bodies, various deformities will occur in the fruiting bodies.

Main features: the cap is small and thin, the handle is slender, and the umbrella opens early. This phenomenon mostly occurs after the first stubble of Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus ostreatus, while Lentinus edodes occurs in the first crop. The main causes are high temperature, lack of light, lack of nutrition and so on.

Pleurotus ostreatus mainly occurs during the fruiting body formation of Pleurotus ostreatus, the fruiting body is coral-shaped or the cap is very small, and the root of the stalk is thick. The main reasons are insufficient light, poor ventilation and high carbon dioxide content. The occurrence of fruiting body tilting is generally inclined to the bright side, which is due to the phototaxis of the fruiting body in the growth process, which will cause the disease when the light in the mushroom house is uneven. The phenomena of mycelium shrinkage and sometimes even death that often occur in different growth processes are mainly due to the fact that the bacteria are not robust and do not eat on the new culture material; or the water content of the culture material is too dry or too wet; or the temperature in the material is too high, resulting in burning bacteria; or poor ventilation in the culture material and unsuitable pH, and so on.

Prevention and control measures: every procedure and every process must be carried out scientifically and strictly in accordance with the requirements.

4. Sudden collapse. It belongs to fungal disease. It is mainly caused by Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium oxysporum. The main symptom is that after the fruiting body is infected, the medulla of the fungal stalk atrophies and turns brown, and the mushroom body becomes short. The disease occurs in the early stage, similar to the healthy mushroom in appearance, not easy to detect, but the cap darkens, the mushroom body no longer grows, and finally becomes a stiff mushroom.

Route of transmission: because Fusarium oxysporum can survive in the soil for a long time, transmission through soil is the main route of transmission. It can also be transmitted through air and some utensils.

Prevention and treatment: sterilization of covered soil is the main method to prevent and cure this disease. Generally spray disinfection with 1 ∶ 500 carbendazim or topiramate solution.