Cultivation techniques of Phalaenopsis

Phalaenopsis, also known as Phalaenopsis, graceful, gorgeous and delicate, flowering for a long time, is the best of orchids, known as the queen of orchids. With the improvement of people's living standards, Phalaenopsis has also entered the homes of ordinary people. However, because the cultivation conditions of Phalaenopsis are strict and the management measures are not easy to be mastered, the product quality of Phalaenopsis is poor and the market share is low. The basic cultivation techniques of Phalaenopsis are introduced as follows.

1. The biological characteristics of Phalaenopsis.

Phalaenopsis is an epiphytic orchid of the genus Phalaenopsis in the orchid family, whose flower stems are short and fleshy and are covered by large oval leaves that are sometimes invisible. Leaf color can be divided into green, green and variegated red back according to different varieties. The root tip of the root system also has two kinds of green and white root and red root. Some flowers are large and beautiful, some are petite and exquisite; the colors are pure white, pink, purple, yellow red markings, white red edges and so on.

2. Variety selection.

There are many varieties of Phalaenopsis. First of all, choose the ones you like and those that are popular in the market. Secondly, choose a robust plant, it is best to buy a robust adult plant with flower stems and buds. At the same time, we should choose adult plants with well-developed roots, and do not choose varieties with low price and poor quality.

3. Cultivation conditions.

Phalaenopsis originally grows in the tropics, where it is hot all the year round, with plenty of sunshine and Rain Water, so it has high requirements for temperature, humidity and light. Warm and humid environment is a necessary condition for the growth of Phalaenopsis.

(1) temperature. The most suitable temperature for Phalaenopsis to grow after spring is 25 ℃ (daytime) ~ 18 ℃ (night). After vigorous growth in summer, the temperature should be controlled between 21 ℃ (daytime) and 15 ℃ (night) in autumn when it enters the dormant period. Phalaenopsis dormancy when the temperature is higher than 35 ℃, and plants will burn when the temperature is as high as 45 ℃.

(2) humidity. The best humidity for Phalaenopsis growth is 60%-80%, and the seedling requirement is 90%. If the humidity is too high, the plant is susceptible to disease and grows slowly if it is too low.

(3) light. The peak growth period of Phalaenopsis is sunny spring and summer, and its primary environment is shaded, so it should be shaded when cultivated in the north, and internal and external shading nets should be added in greenhouse cultivation, with a shading rate of 50%.

(4) moisture and water quality. The growth of Phalaenopsis needs high temperature environment, and it is suitable to water it every 4-5 days. In summer, the leaves should be sprayed 2-3 times a day to cool down. In autumn, the spray can be stopped and the basin soil can be watered again. Water quality is very important to the growth of Phalaenopsis. Generally require PH6.5 or so.

(5) fertilizer. Special fertilizer for orchids produced by regular manufacturers can be used. Among all the orchids, Phalaenopsis takes 2 ~ 4 years from seedling to flowering, which belongs to the fast growing type. Therefore, it is necessary to apply fertilizer regularly to ensure its growth, usually once every two weeks in the growing period, but not in the dormant period and flowering period.

4. Cultivation measures.

(1) basin soil. The best basin soil of Phalaenopsis is the substrate with good drainage and ventilation. The commonly used substrates are aquatic plants (moss), bark, sawdust, coconut shell and so on. At present, orchid farmers often use aquatic plants because of their softness, high fertility, easy to deal with and so on. Soak the aquatic plants for 8 hours when in use, shake them dry when using them, and drip a small amount of water without forming a line when kneading the ball by hand.

(2) the seedling comes out of the bottle. The purchased bottle seedlings were domesticated in the greenhouse for 2 to 4 weeks. After coming out of the bottle, the seedlings were graded according to leaf size and growth status, planted in different cultivation containers, and marked with the date of planting and the name of the variety for management.

(3) Management. Different management measures are adopted in different growth periods. Spring is the flowering period of Phalaenopsis, whether cut flowers or potted plants, the flowering period can be up to 1 month, the management should be covered with a shading net; not too much watering, but should keep the leaf moist; only apply liquid orchid special fertilizer, do not apply fertilizer when flowering. Summer is a period of vigorous growth, mainly for the growth of new leaves, which should be shaded by double-layer nets in management; frequently watered and sprayed 2 or 3 times a day; in addition to liquid fertilizer, mixed fertilizer of oil meal or bone meal should be applied every week, and fertilizer should be stopped when the weather is very hot. Summer is the peak period of diseases and insect pests, so attention should be paid to prevention and control. In autumn, cover a sunscreen, pour a small amount of water, apply liquid fertilizer many times, and pay attention to killing snails and other pests. In winter, there is no need to cover the sun, wait for the basin soil to dry before watering, there is no need to fertilize.