Cultivation measures of Phalaenopsis

Phalaenopsis is a high-grade flower welcomed by consumers. It has beautiful flowers, bright colors, elegant temperament, long viewing period, low requirements for cultivation and management. Family cultivation can still blossom next year as long as it is managed properly. And you can regulate the florescence to the day you need.

Phalaenopsis originates between 23 degrees south latitude and 23 degrees north latitude, and more than half of Guangdong Province is within this range, so Guangdong has the climatic environment of cultivating Phalaenopsis, with fast growth and short production cycle. Most varieties can produce flowers that meet the commodity requirements after 16 months of tube seedling cultivation, and the time of early flowering is shorter. The most suitable temperature range for vegetative growth of Phalaenopsis is 20 ℃ 30 ℃. In this range, higher temperature is conducive to photosynthesis, plant growth is fast, but if the temperature is too high, the photosynthetic efficiency decreases, and is prone to burns. The plant should be protected against cold when the temperature is lower than 12 ℃, otherwise the plant will suffer from cold injury, the buds of the light ones will turn yellow and fall off, the leaves of the heavy ones will turn dark and green, the leaves will become soft and drooping, gradually wither, and even the plants will die. Phalaenopsis needs a little strong scattered light, the seedlings need 10000 lux, and the medium and large seedlings need 12000 lux. The light intensity is suitable, the photosynthetic efficiency is high, the leaf color is emerald green, the mesophyll is thick, the leaf is straight upward, the plant is strong; if the light is insufficient, the leaf is drooping, the leaf color is thick green and only grows, and the plant shows a weak state. But strong sunlight often burns the leaves. Phalaenopsis likes moist air, requires air relative humidity 60% Mel 80%, bottle seedling requirements are higher, about 90%. Too low humidity is not conducive to growth, bud stage will also cause bud drop. However, long-term high humidity is a favorable condition for the occurrence and spread of the disease. Phalaenopsis plants are too wet for a long time, and stagnant water is easy to cause rotting roots.

According to the requirements of Phalaenopsis for ecological environment, protected cultivation is often used in large-scale production. The cultivation in a connected greenhouse with more investment is cooled by a wet curtain in summer and increased by a heater in winter. Those with less investment use simple plastic greenhouse to adjust light intensity, strengthen ventilation or use micro-spray to cool and humidify in summer, and cover with multi-layer plastic film in winter. Family cultivation in central and southern Guangdong can use the shadows of plants or buildings to block direct sunlight and grow normally when planted in a warm indoor environment in winter. Phalaenopsis is usually cultivated with aseptic seeding seedlings or tissue culture plantlets. The propagation efficiency of aseptic seeding seedlings is high, and the price is 1max 2mer 2pm 3 of tissue culture plantlets, but the strength is often uneven, and there are occasional variants, but the production is still dominated by sowing seedlings. Large-scale production often chooses colorless and transparent plastic soft basin cultivation. The size of the pot matches the size of the seedling, and the seedlings plant small pots and replace them with pots of corresponding size when the plants grow up. Cultivated plant materials must have good functions of water retention, ventilation and drainage, and are not easy to rot and easy to change pots, with slight acidity. In recent years, water moss is often selected as planting material. After the root system of the plant is wrapped in wet water moss, it is put into the planting basin and the tightness is moderate.

The root system of Phalaenopsis does not absorb much water, so keep the plant slightly wet. Watering measures are decided according to plant condition, climate environment and water conservation and drainage function of plant materials. The use of water moss planting material, usually once a week, "through" is to wet the water moss thoroughly. If the water moss is too wet for a long time after watering, you can take off the plant and let the water moss dew in the air, and the water will evaporate quickly, and the plant will be replanted in the basin after the plant is slightly dry.

Phalaenopsis needs not only nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, but also other elements, so it is appropriate to choose comprehensive fertilizer, such as special orchid fertilizer, fish fertilizer, more comprehensive compound fertilizer and so on. If the fertilizer used is simple, when the spring begins to enter the peak season of vegetative growth, organic fertilizer should be applied to supplement trace elements. Phalaenopsis grows slowly, and it takes at least 40 mi 50 days to grow a complete new leaf, and there is not much requirement for fertilizer, such as applying chemical fertilizer aqueous solution about 3 times a month, and the concentration is about 0 Mel 1%. Excessive fertilization affects root tip growth and even rotten roots. The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium applied at the seedling stage was 2:1:1, then 1:1:1, and changed to 1:2:5 if overgrowth occurred.

Phalaenopsis experienced a certain cool and warm environment before completing flower bud differentiation. The natural flowering period in Guangdong is often from March to May. If you want to blossom early to New Year's Day, Spring Festival and other festivals, you need to give a cool and warm environment ahead of time. According to the study, flower bud differentiation can be completed after 16 ℃ 18 hours a day at a cool temperature of about 20 degrees Celsius for 6 weeks (the time varies according to the breed). If the temperature is lower (15 ℃ 20 ℃), the number of flower stalks can also be increased, but the light intensity must be increased, otherwise low temperature will reduce the efficiency of photosynthesis and lack of nutrients will reduce the number of flower bracts. After flower bud differentiation, the pedicel continues to elongate and the flower bud continues to develop, which varies according to the variety and environmental temperature, which usually takes about 100 days. Increasing the temperature during this period of time can increase flowering. However, too high temperature will affect the development of apical flower buds and lateral branches of pedicels. Therefore, it is still better to cultivate it with cool temperature. Large-scale production can use low-temperature greenhouse, wet curtain greenhouse and other artificial cooling facilities to obtain cool environment. However, selecting alpine cultivation and making use of the natural low temperature of local climate can save the cost of facility construction and energy cost. In the Pearl River Delta, the big seedlings are moved to the mountains about 800m above sea level 180 days before the planned flowering period. After the flower bud differentiation is completed, and then the downhill time is chosen according to the pedicel development rate, the plants can be adjusted to New Year's Day or the Spring Festival flowering.

Pest control is an important link in the successful cultivation of Phalaenopsis. Disease prevention is a regular work. The cultivation environment must be well ventilated, the plant material and air humidity should be suitable, and Bordeaux liquid, chlorothalonil and Haoshengling should be sprayed regularly to prevent diseases. Once the occurrence of diseases and insect pests, timely application of pesticide control.