How to manage the jujube garden in late autumn and early winter

Clean the garden. Before winter, jujube leaves lag behind, so we should clean up fallen leaves, diseased dead fruits, weeds, etc. in time, and burn them together to burn the overwintering spores, hyphae and eggs.

Cultivate the jujube garden. The jujube forest with jujube and grain intercropping shall be deeply ploughed between the plants and the soil under the crown; if jujube and grain intercropping is not implemented, the whole garden shall be ploughed, especially the soil within the projected area under the crown shall be deeply ploughed. The closer to the trunk, the shallower the ploughing, the farther away from the trunk, the deeper the ploughing, generally 15~30 cm is appropriate. In this way, the overwintering pupae and eggs in the soil can be turned out to freeze to death. This management measure can reduce the damage caused by various pests such as jujube looper, jujube thorn moth, jujube gall midge, elephant beetle, red spider, beetle and peach fruit borer.

Heavy base fertilizer. Basal fertilizer was applied from harvest to defoliation, usually in the middle of October. In general, 30~ 80kg organic fertilizer is applied to the trees in the growth and fruiting period, and 0.2~ 0.4kg urea and 0.5~ 1.0kg calcium superphosphate are mixed at the same time; 100~ 200kg organic fertilizer is applied to the trees in the full fruiting period, and 0.4~ 0.8kg urea and 1.0~ 2.5kg calcium superphosphate are mixed at the same time.

Winter pruning. Pruning can make the tree structure reasonable, improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions and the distribution of nutrients in the tree, so as to achieve the goal of early bearing, high yield, stable yield and high quality.

(1)Results Early pruning of jujube trees: the tree crown had not yet formed, and vegetative growth was still dominant. The pruning should be based on thinning, retraction, truncation and culture, and should be carried out according to the principle of "keeping four and keeping five". "Four left" means that the outer jujube head should be left; the jujube head on the backbone branch should be left; the jujube head with strong and full development prospects should be left; the jujube head with a large number of secondary branches and jujube strands and strong fruit bearing ability should be left. "Wuwuliu" refers to no drooping branches and weak branches, no thin oblique branches and overlapping branches, no diseased branches and dead branches, no excessive long branches in improper position and insufficient, no whorls, cross branches, and excessive long branches.

(2)Pruning of jujube trees in full fruiting period: the crown has been formed in this period, the growth potential is weakened, the crown is basically stable, and the fruit ability is strong. In the later period, the apex of the trunk branches gradually curved and drooped, crossed growth, the bore gradually died, and the fruit position moved outward. Therefore, pruning should adopt the method of thinning and shrinking, open the light path, introduce light into the bore, cultivate the inner bore branches, prevent the internal branches from dying and the fruit position from moving outward, pay attention to the cultivation and renewal of the fruit branch group, and prolong the fruit bearing period.

(3)Renewal pruning of old jujube trees: with the increase of age, the backbone branches gradually wither, the crown becomes smaller, the growth becomes weaker, the growth of jujube heads is small, the jujube hanging is short, and the fruit bearing ability decreases significantly. This old tree needs to be pruned and rejuvenated. The degree of renewal depends on the number of valid jujube strands (i.e. live jujube strands). When there are 300~500 effective jujube strands on jujube trees, heavy regeneration should be carried out, that is, strong strands growing outward should be selected from the main branches, 1/2~2/3 of the total length of the main branches should be sawn off, and the tree should be maintained for 2~3 years. When the number of effective jujube strands is 1000~1500, light regeneration can be carried out, and 1/7~1/5 of the total length of the main branches can be sawn off, and the nails can be opened as usual.

Scrape off old bark. Some jujube pests such as jujube armyworm, jujube leaf tick, red spider, etc. mostly overwinter in jujube skin crevice, winter peel jujube old skin, winter pests can be eliminated.

Control of pests and diseases. Before winter or early spring germination, the whole garden is sprayed with 3~5 degrees of sulfur mixture to eradicate some overwintering germs and pests. The jujube garden with serious occurrence of turtle wax scale can be treated by brushing broom lumps, or spraying clean water on branches. When the water freezes, beat branches with poles, and the turtle wax scale can fall off together with the ice film, and the control effect is also very good.