Key points of annual production technology of anise

Anise is an annual herb of Umbelliferae and anise. Originated in Eurasia, mainly in Greece and Egypt. Seeds can be used as food seasoning and medicine, and seedlings can be used as green vegetables or salad side dishes.

1 Botanical characteristics

The plant is high 35~40cm, the plant shape is slender, the whole plant has a very fresh aroma, and the taproot is spindle-shaped. The stem is thick, cylindrical, with shallow grooves on the upper part, the upper part of the stem is much branched, the lower leaf of the stem is nearly round to reniform, with blunt engraving, long petiole, and the upper leaf of the stem is almost filiform, such as fennel. Umbels with white flowers and small but numerous flowers. Double achene is long ovoid, gray, very small, with a faint aroma. If the weight of 1000 seeds is 5g, the germination ability of seeds can be maintained for 3 years.

2 environmental conditions

Like mild climate, can not bear high temperature, can grow at 10-20 ℃, suitable temperature is 18-20 ℃, slow growth below 12 ℃ and above 29 ℃, can withstand short-term low temperature of 0 ℃. The initial temperature of seed germination is 10 ℃, and the optimum temperature is 15-20 ℃. The requirement of light is not strict, and it is resistant to weak light. It belongs to long sunshine crop, which bolts and blossoms under high temperature and long sunshine. The requirement of soil is not strict, and the suitable pH is 5.5-6.8 for moist and fertile sandy loam. Adequate fat and water is required during the growing period.

3 cultivation techniques

3.1 if the cultivation season is used as edible seedlings and tender stems and leaves of green leafy vegetables, they can be sown in stages throughout the year, sowed in batches and harvested one after another; if seeds are harvested as aromatic spices and medicinal uses, they should be sown early in spring. Especially in the colder areas of the north, it is necessary to sow seeds in time in April in order to harvest seeds early.

3.2 planting and field management

① sowing: anise grows fast and mostly adopts the method of direct seeding. Strip sowing can be carried out specially for harvesting seeds, with a row spacing of about 15cm, with seeds of 11.25-15kg per hectare, and generally sown for vegetable harvest, with seeds 52.5~60kg per hectare.

② field management: based on base fertilizer. In areas with many weeds, herbicides should be used to eliminate weeds during soil preparation. Irrigation should be free from drought, and stagnant water should be removed in time during the rainy season so as not to cause flooding.

③ harvesting: the harvesting of young seedlings can be carried out at any time according to the needs, generally, the seedlings can be pulled out and put on the market when the plants are higher than 10cm; when the plants are higher than 20cm, they are all pulled up, washed away from the roots, and then bundled into small bundles on the market, and the top can also be harvested. The young seedlings of anise are not resistant to storage and should be collected and sold. Spring sowing seeds are generally ripe in August and are dried and stored after harvest, which is not suitable for exposure.

4 utilization

4.1 vegetable: the tender leaves and young seedlings of anise are tender and fragrant, mainly used as raw salad, or as soup and seasoning, which can promote appetite, help digestion, strengthen stomach and expectorant.

4.2 seasoning: mainly using the aroma of anise fruit as cooking seasoning, preparing cakes and bread, or for making wine and candied fruit.

4.3 others: the fruit of anise contains about 30% of the aromatic oil of anethole, as well as about 30% of fatty acids, proteins and sugars, which have a strong expectorant effect without side effects. In Europe, fennel fruit is often mixed with honey to make medicine for children. Fennel seed also helps to relieve the pain of various diseases, as well as detumescence, deworming and so on. In addition, it is also a good stomach tonic and mild diuretic.