Characteristics and main cultivation techniques of Brazilian Upland Rice

Brazilian upland rice LAPAR-9 is one of a batch of improved crop varieties given to China by the Brazilian government when Premier Li Peng attended the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in 1992.

Our institute has been in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei since 1993. Shandong, Henan. Slopes and water-deficient fields in Anhui, Chongqing, Sichuan, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Zhejiang and other places. When planting orchards and tea gardens, the yield is generally 200-300kg per mu. If the land with good fertilizer and water conditions can reach 400kg per mu, the high yield can reach more than 500kg. The experiment shows that the variety has drought resistance. The characteristics of lodging resistance, barren resistance, strong resistance and wide adaptability are briefly described as follows.

I. main characteristics

Brazilian upland rice IAPAR-9 has smooth leaves and glumes, no leaf hairs and glumes. It belongs to the category of japonica rice. The leaf sheath and glume tip are purple-brown, and the grain is slender. Plant height 119.4cm stalk stout, many roots, thick and long, flag leaves and inverted 2 Mel 3 leaves about 34.4cm long, wide 1.7cm about. Effective panicle 4 left 6, panicle length 26.0cm. The empty batch rate of filled grains was 19.4%, the total grains per panicle was 1398, the 1000-grain weight was 27.5g, the yield per plant was 12.4g, and the ratio of grain to grass was 0.8. The brown rice rate is 838%, the milled rice rate is 75.0%, the head rice rate is 62%, the amylose content is 21.4%, the protein content (dry base) is 11.2%, the gel consistency is 90mm, and the chemical temperature (alkali elimination value) is 6.3. the main quality indicators meet the second-class standard of high-quality rice issued by the Ministry.

2. Main cultivation techniques

Brazilian upland rice can be sown in spring or summer, and it can be planted early, medium and evenly in the south. This paper mainly introduces two cultivation techniques of spring sowing and summer sowing. Spring sowing takes Beijing as an example:

(-) sowing is usually from late April to this month. Live broadcast in ten days, mature in mid-late September, the whole growth period is 140ml 150. L, pour enough moisture water before sowing. Ensure the whole seedling; 2, treat the seeds with early rice special seed coating agent (northern type) before sowing. Make the whole seedling strong; 3. The sowing rate per mu is 2.5-3.0kg, the row spacing is 24-27cm. The sowing depth is 2-3cm. And sowing with the application of 15% N, P, K containing 15% compound 50kg/ and other organic fertilizers as base fertilizer, this effect is good Z4 after sowing suppression.

(2) Field management

1. Watering: generally watering for 4 times during the whole growth period. Water consumption is only equivalent to 20% of ordinary rice water consumption, 30% of ordinary rice water consumption, if the rainfall is enough to avoid watering. 1) soil moisture: sow seeds with sufficient moisture. 30-40 days after sowing (before 4 leaves), it should be kept in an early state, during which time it should not be watered. Otherwise, yellow seedlings or even dead seedlings are easy to occur: 2) tillering water; effective tillering stage of leaves 5, 6, 7 (sometimes including 8) should be timely watering and topdressing; 3) booting, heading and flowering water The transpiration is the highest at this stage. the physiological activity is very strong, which is the most important period of reproductive growth, and the soil water saturation should be kept as much as possible. If there is a phenomenon of fertilizer removal, a small amount of topdressing should be applied, urea 0.15kg should be applied per mu. 0.20kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate should be sprayed on 30-40kg; 4) grouting water; after hole ripening. Dijian management should be given priority to. If the lack of water at this stage is too early, the empty grained grains of rice will increase rapidly. reduce 1000-grain weight and affect rice quality.

2. Topdressing: topdressing in time according to seedling conditions. The experience of Shunyi in 1998 is generally from late June to early July. In order to apply urea 15kg, foliar fertilizer should be sprayed on seedlings to promote balanced yield increase.

3. Weeding: 1) after sowing, the soil was sealed with "early rice special herbicide No. 1"; 2) after emergence, 1 at the 2-leaf stage, preferably at the bud and needle stage, and then used exclusively for upland rice to spray No. 1 or mixed with replanting for stem and leaf treatment. Weeds that have not been cleared by chemical weeding should be pulled out manually.

4. in the middle and later stages, attention should be paid to the timely spraying and control of Chilo suppressalis, rice blast and sheath blight to ensure a good harvest.

Summer sowing takes Gaomi area of Shandong Province as an example, the main methods are: direct seeding after wheat, four interplanting of wheat and seedling transplanting. The preparation of post-broadcast LVB is the same as that of spring sowing. Other technical points are as follows:

(1) sowing seeds

1. Sowing date: @ # @ 245 harvest @ sow after harvest, the sooner the better, generally no more than June 15.

2. Sowing methods: strip sowing and hole sowing. The behavior of wide strip sowing was good, and the row spacing was 24 28cm 30 cm, while the hole sowing was wide row narrow plant, the row spacing was 24-cm, and the hole spacing was 15-18cm. The practice of Zhuangou Town, Gaomi City: 1.6m for the area, 1.3m for border surface, 6 rows for species, row spacing for 26cm, border ridge 30cm.

3. Sowing rate: the general seed consumption is 5-6kg/ mu, and the basic seedlings are about 100000. The sowing plants adopt measures such as seed dressing or removing poison bait to eliminate underground pests.

4. Sowing depth: generally 3-4cm, covering soil and suppressing after sowing.

(2) Field management and chemical weeding

The main results are as follows: 1. After sowing, the special herbicide No. 1 for upland rice was used before emergence, 200-250ml per mu, 60-75kg to water, and evenly sprayed on the surface of the water. Herbicides such as herbicides such as herbicide, butachlor and oxazolin can also be used.

2. Check seedlings and replenish seedlings: after emergence, plots with missing seedlings or broken ridges are found. It is necessary to replenish the seedlings in time, thinning and thinning at the time of 2 leaves and 1 heart to ensure the whole seedling.

3. Fertilizer and water management: from emergence to 2 leaves and 1 heart to 3 leaves and 1 heart, fertilizing the soil, using urea 10kg and potassium fertilizer 10kg per mu, promoting large panicles with more grains, full heading and filling stage, applying urea 3kg per mu. Potash fertilizer 5kg. At this stage, the transpirers are the largest and the physiological activity is very strong, which is the most important period of reproductive growth, and the soil water saturation should be kept as much as possible in the critical period of water. If there is a phenomenon of fertilizer removal, a small amount of topdressing should be applied, urea 0.15kg per mu, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.20kg. Spray 30-40kg on water.

4. Pest control and disease prevention: in the early stage, attention should be paid to the control of underground pests and blight, and timely spraying and control of borer and rice blast in the middle and later stages. Interplanting in wheat field: wheat is mature. Interplanting in wheat field can be used. Sow 2 Mel 3 weeks before harvest of previous crops (wheat, rape, etc.). If the rice seedlings are sown too early and the symbiotic period is too long, the rice seedlings will grow poorly and easily form weak seedlings. Other field management is the same as live broadcast after wheat. This method can make full use of soil fertility and growing season and increase yield, but it is easy to cause population shortage and time-consuming, and the economic benefit is not high.

Seedling transplanting: seedling transplanting is an effective measure to increase multiple cropping index and improve land utilization rate.

The main results are as follows: 1. Seedling raising: select the land with leeward to the sun, convenient water source and loose soil as the seedling bed. Make a border in the selected reduced bed. The width of the border is 1.5m. The length varies from 8m to 10m, the border is filled with enough water, the sterilized species are evenly scattered on the border, and then a thin layer of fine grain is removed to cover the seed. The appropriate amount of seed per border is 2-2.5kg.

2.Seedling age: generally master 25Mel and 30th. The leaf age is 3.5 Mel 4.5 tablets.

3. Density: planting 20, 000 to 25, 000 piers per mu, 4 seedlings per mu, 80, 100, 000 seedlings per mu, and 24X13cm is suitable for row spacing.

4. Pull out seedlings: the day before planting, the seedling bed should be filled with enough water, soil should be taken when the seedlings are raised, shallow ditches should be opened with ploughs or holes should be dug with small shovels, and the planting depth should be just buried in the roots. When transplanting, one bed should be irrigated and another should be planted. To facilitate the survival of rice seedlings. Water the seedlings frequently after transplanting in order to slow down the seedlings as soon as possible, and the management is the same as that of direct seeding after wheat.