High-quality and High-yield cultivation techniques of Ganoderma lucidum

Ganoderma lucidum is a precious medicinal fungus. Modern medical research has proved that Ganoderma lucidum has many functions, such as anti-cancer, anti-aging and so on. The development and application of Ganoderma lucidum have attracted wide attention. Longquan City is a key producing area of Ganoderma lucidum. The experiment on the cultivation technology of short section wood clinker of Ganoderma lucidum began in the early 1990s, and it has been continuously improved in production, popularization and application. By 2002, the cultivation volume of Ganoderma lucidum in the city reached 3000 cubic meters, with a total output of 120 tons, accounting for about 1% of the national total output, with an output value of 7 million yuan. Longquan Ganoderma lucidum has dense texture, high content of active ingredients and low content of heavy metals, and its products sell well in Japan, South Korea and other Southeast Asian countries. In January 1996, it was awarded the honorary title of "the first Township of Ganoderma lucidum in China" by the Economic Development Research Center of the State Council, and the construction project of Ganoderma lucidum base was awarded the first prize of "Golden Bridge Project" by the Provincial Association of Science and Technology in 1996. In 2002, it was listed as "high-quality and efficient planting production base" by the Provincial Agriculture Department. In recent years, Ganoderma lucidum production in the city has been promoted towards industrialization, and the successful development of a series of products such as Ganoderma lucidum capsules, Ganoderma lucidum wine, Ganoderma lucidum prepared slices and Ganoderma lucidum spore powder has provided a good opportunity for the development of Ganoderma lucidum production and the growth of farmers' economic income in mountainous areas. In order to make rational use of mountain resources and ensure the sustainable development of high-quality Ganoderma lucidum production in mountain areas, according to years of production practice, the biological characteristics, characteristics and high-quality and high-yield cultivation techniques of Ganoderma lucidum were summarized as follows.

1. Biological characteristics of Ganoderma lucidum

Ganoderma lucidum is diverse and widely distributed. In most provinces of China, it can be found in mountains with an elevation of 300m, especially under tropical and subtropical forest. Ganoderma lucidum is born in the wild on dead trees or fallen trees in broad-leaved forests such as oak, Castanopsis carlesii, Castanopsis fargesii and other broad-leaved forests after rain in late summer and early autumn, and can also grow on living trees. Ganoderma lucidum has a wide range of adaptation to temperature and belongs to medium-high temperature saprophytic fungi and facultative parasitic fungi.

(1) temperature. The temperature range of mycelium growth of Ganoderma lucidum was 40 ℃, the normal growth range was 18 ℃, the suitable temperature was 24 ℃, and the optimum temperature was 26 ℃. The temperature range of Ganoderma lucidum fruiting body is 18 ℃ 32 ℃, and the optimum temperature is 26 ℃ 28 min. At 30 ℃, the fruiting body of Ganoderma lucidum developed rapidly, and its texture and color were poor. At 25 ℃, the fruit body developed with dense texture and good luster. The development of fruiting body is difficult to differentiate when the temperature is above 35 ℃ or below 10 ℃. The optimum temperature for spore germination was 2426 ℃.

(2) moisture. The optimum water content of Ganoderma lucidum mycelium in the matrix is 60% Mui 65%, and the water content of the mycelium in the section wood is 33% Mel 48%. When Duanmu is buried in the soil, the soil water content is required to be 16%-18%, while during the mushroom emergence of Ganoderma lucidum, the soil water content is required to be 19%-22%. In the growth stage of Ganoderma lucidum mycelium, the air relative humidity is required to be 70%-80%, and in the fruiting body stage, the air relative humidity is 85%-95%.

(3) Air. Ganoderma lucidum is a kind of aerobic fungus, and its demand for oxygen in the air during cultivation is greater than that of ordinary edible fungi. The content of CO2 in the air is required to be in the normal range. The results showed that Ganoderma lucidum only grew stalks when the content of CO2 in the air was more than 0.1%, or the stalks only branched without opening the lid to form Ganoderma lucidum.

(4) Light. Light is not needed in the stage of mycelial growth, but light irradiation has an obvious inhibitory effect on mycelial growth. Diffuse light is needed in the stage of Ganoderma lucidum fruiting body formation. The tube growth of Ganoderma lucidum fruiting body is geographically oriented, no matter the direction of umbrella growth is upward or downward, the tube usually grows toward the ground and is perpendicular to the ground.

(5) pH. The optimum pH value for mycelium growth and fruiting body growth in the culture medium of Ganoderma lucidum was 5 ~ 6 and 4 ~ 5 respectively.

2. The characteristics of Ganoderma lucidum.

(1) the quality of Ganoderma lucidum is good. The most important feature of Ganoderma lucidum cultivated with wood clinker is that Ganoderma lucidum fruiting body cover is thick, wide, bright color, rich in polysaccharides and organic germanium, and good quality of Ganoderma lucidum.

(2) the bioconversion rate is high. Due to the effective degradation of nutrients in wood by high temperature and high pressure, it is easy to be decomposed and absorbed by Ganoderma lucidum mycelium, coupled with high temperature sterilization, there is less chance of miscellaneous bacteria pollution. Therefore, the rate of finished product and qualified rate are relatively high, and the bioconversion rate is high. The production of 1 ton of Ganoderma lucidum consumes about 25 cubic meters of wood. About 40 kilograms of dried Ganoderma lucidum can be produced per 1 cubic meter of wood in 2 years (the drying rate of fresh Ganoderma lucidum is 30% 35%).

(3) good economic benefit. An average of 40 kilograms of dried Ganoderma lucidum can be harvested per cubic meter of wood in 2 years. Calculated according to 50 yuan / kg, the output value can reach 2000 yuan, after deducting the cost of 750yuan, the net income of every cubic meter of wood can reach 1250 yuan, and the ratio of input to output is 3:8. Generally, every mu of land can be planted with 20 cubic meters of Ganoderma lucidum wood, with a net profit of 25000 yuan in 2 years.

3. High-quality and high-yield cultivation techniques of Ganoderma lucidum

3.1 Select tree species and bacteria

The yield of Ganoderma lucidum depends on the total amount of mycelium, which is related to the volume and nutritional composition of the log. Any tree that can grow Lentinus edodes can cultivate Ganoderma lucidum. Fagaceae tree species are mainly selected as far as possible. Such as Castanopsis kawakamii, oak, Castanopsis carlesii, beech and so on. Others, such as maple, Eucommia ulmoides, bitter oak, black cypress and so on, but the yield and quality are not as good as Ganoderma lucidum produced by Fagaceae. The mycelial growth rate of Ganoderma lucidum cultivated by oak, Castanopsis kawakamii and beech is fast, the yield is high, the color is good, and the fruiting body is medium-fruiting; the mycelium of oak, Castanopsis kawakamii and beech grows slowly, but the fruiting body is thick and the yield is slightly lower; the fruiting body of Ganoderma lucidum grown by maple and other miscellaneous trees is light and thin, easy to produce Ganoderma lucidum, and the yield is high in the same year. Felled miscellaneous trees should choose to grow on a sunny hillside with fertile soil.

The selection of improved varieties is the most important link to obtain high quality and high yield of Ganoderma lucidum. First, the genetic character of the strain is better, and the other is that the quality of strain breeding is better. At present, Xinzhou and South Korea are widely used in production, which are characterized by wide adaptability, good stability, strong anti-impurity and anti-pollution ability, good shape of Zhi Da, high rate of first-grade products, high yield and so on. It is an ideal variety for Longquan Ganoderma lucidum cultivation. 801, Japan No. 2, Plant Protection No. 6, Taiwan No. 1, Yunnan No. 4 and so on are also available.

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